Background: Lymph node metastasis is the most important prognostic factor in breast cancer patients. The present study was carried out to evaluate the association between ER, PR and HER-2/neu expression status, separately and in combinations with axillary lymph node involvement. Patients and methods: Two hundred and fifty eight breast cancer patients treated with modified radical mastectomy with axillary lymph node ... Read more

Background Loss of E-cadherin is a critical step for development and progression of malignant tumours. CD10, a marker of non-neoplastic and neoplastic endometrial stroma, is associated with aggressiveness of many epithelial malignancies. We sought to evaluate the expression and correlation of E-cadherin and CD10 in endometrial lesions and their possible role in differentiating atypical endometrial hyperplasia from endometrial carcinoma. The ... Read more

3-Bromopyruvate (3BP) is a new, promising anticancer alkylating agent with several notable functions. In addition to inhibiting key glycolysis enzymes including hexokinase II and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), 3BP also selectively inhibits mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, angiogenesis, and energy production in cancer cells. Moreover, 3BP induces hydrogen peroxide generation in cancer cells (oxidative stress effect) and competes with the LDH substrates pyruvate ... Read more

Introduction: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is usually monitored by the level of alanine transaminase (ALT) and viral load. However, accumulating data indicate that these parameters are not always correlated with the disease progression. Aim of the Work: This study aims to evaluate the relationship between serum ALT, serum HCV-RNA titer and the degree of histopathological liver damage in patients ... Read more

Introduction: A palpable breast lump is a common diagnostic problem both to the general practitioner and to the surgeon, which needs rapid definitive diagnosis at the busy Outpatient Clinic. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) has become the first choice for diagnosis after initial clinical evaluation. Aim of the Work: This study was designed to investigate the validity of FNAC in ... Read more

The trefoil protein TFF3 stimulates invasion and angiogenesis in vitro. To determine whether it has a role in breast tumor metastasis and angiogenesis, its levels were measured by immunohistochemistry in breast tissue with a specific monoclonal antibody raised against human TFF3. TFF3 is expressed in normal breast lobules and ducts, at higher levels in areas of fibrocystic change and papillomas, ... Read more

The purpose of this study is to investigate expression of the trefoil factor family protein, TFF3 in a large series of human breast cancers. Trefoil factors are small secreted proteins that are expressed in mucus secreting epithelia. They are involved in mucosal protection in part by stimulation of cell motility. It has been proposed that the motogenic actions of trefoil ... Read more

Most diseases of the breast present as a palpable mass. The majority of breast lesions are not malignant, and most benign lesions do not progress to cancer; however the accuracy of diagnosis can be increased by a combination of preoperative tests like physical examination, mammography, fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), and Tru cut needle biopsy (TGNB) or core needle biopsy (CNB). ... Read more