FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY The renal parenchyma comprises an outer cortex and an inner medulla. The functional unit of the kidney is the nephron of which each contains approximately one million. إقراء المزيد

* High incidence of coronary artery disease and myocardial dysfunction. * Difficulty adjusting fluid, acid base and electrolytes in the perioperative period in patients. * Failure to normally excrete and/or metabolize anesthetics and analgesics, leading to toxic levels of these agents. * Increased bleeding complications. * ... إقراء المزيد

vDefinition vPrevalence v Factors contributing to malnutrition vRisk of malnutrition vNutritional assessment vNutritional therapy v Conclusion and Recommendations إقراء المزيد

GLOBAL HYPERTENSION FACTS BLOOD PRESSURE REDUCTION OF 2 MMHG DECREASES THE RISK OF CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS BY 7–10% إقراء المزيد

Hypertension updates Clinical Practice Guidelines إقراء المزيد

1.INTRODUCTION AND BP MONITORING 2.2017 TREATMENT STRATEGY, GOALS AND APPROACH 3.NEPHROLOGY PERSPECTIVES 4.DIABETES 5.PREGNANCY 6.DIURETICS, BETA BLOCKERS AND INTERACTIONS 7.OTHER HOT ISSUES AND RESISTANT HYPERTENSION 8.CLOSURE إقراء المزيد

* Uncontrolled HTN is a risk factor for developing CKD , and is the second leading cause of ESRD in the U.S (1st cause in Egypt) * HTN is associated with a more rapid progression of CKD. Botdorf J, et al, _Cardiorenal__ Med_. 2011;1:183–192. Segura J, ... إقراء المزيد

ž_Richard Bright (1836):_ first observed that anemia was a complication of renal failure. ž_Robert __Christison_: further described renal anemia. ž_Miyake (1977):_ purified and identified Epo. ž_Eschbach__ (Dec 2, 1985)__: _first human use of EPO ž_Richard Bright (1836):_ first observed that anemia was a complication of renal ... إقراء المزيد

etiology complication إقراء المزيد

hypertensin etiology effect on the kidney إقراء المزيد