The role of the immune system — a collection of structures and processes within the body — is to protect against disease or other potentially damaging foreign bodies. When functioning properly, the immune system ... Read more

(POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION PCR) is a revolutionary method developed by Kary Mullis in the 1980s. PCR is based on using the ability of DNA polymerase to synthesize new strand of DNA complementary to the ... Read more

IMMUNOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES * Immunological techniques include both experimental methods to study the immune system and methods to generate or use immunological reagents as experimental tools. The most common immunological methods relate to the production ... Read more

A guide to using molecular biology and immunological methods for the analysis of food Many of the analytical problems that food chemists face in the lab cannot be solved by chemistry alone, and so ... Read more

The immune system has evolved to protect the host from a universe of pathogenic microbes that are themselves constantly evolving. The immune system also helps the host eliminate toxic or allergenic substances that enter ... Read more

IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE Immunofluorescence (IF) is a common laboratory technique, which is based on the use of specific antibodies which have been chemically conjugated to fluorescent dyes. These labeled antibodies bind directly or indirectly to cellular ... Read more

The interactions between antigens and antibodies are known as _ANTIGEN–ANTIBODY REACTIONS_. The reactions are highly specific, and an antigen reacts only with antibodies produced by itself or with closely related antigens. Antibodies recognize molecular ... Read more

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disorder that can affect more than just your joints. In some people, the condition also can damage a wide variety of body systems, including the skin, eyes, lungs, ... Read more

systemic lupus The immune system normally fights off dangerous infections and bacteria to keep the body healthy. An autoimmune disease occurs when the immune system attacks the body because it confuses it for something ... Read more