ABSTRACT: Chest drains are commonly used for patients who have undergone thoracic surgery the purpose of chest drains is to maintain cardiorespiratory function and hemodynamic stability by draining the pleural and mediastinal spaces of air, blood or other fluid. The most common complication are postoperative pulmonary complications which include massive lobar collapse due to mucus plugging of a central airway, ... إقراء المزيد