Key content Accurate blood pressure (BP) measurement is fundamental to early diagnosis of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy. Poor auscultatory technique and lack of training leads to inaccuracies in BP measurement using sphygmomanometry with mercury and aneroid devices. Automated devices limit user error but require validation of accuracy because they tend to underestimate BP in pre-eclampsia. Systolic hypertension may better predict ... إقراء المزيد

1 Introduction 1.1 Definition Primary postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is defined as excessive bleeding in the first 24 hours post birth. There is no single definition for PPH [refer to Table 1]. Diagnosing PPH in an emergent situation most commonly occurs through estimation of volume of blood loss and changes in the haemodynamic state. Blood loss volume • Traditional definitions of ... إقراء المزيد

Abstract Vulvo-vaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a common infection among women. 5-8% of women with acute infection experience recurrent vulvo-vaginal candidiasis (RVVC). There is currently no gold standard treatment for RVVC. Although antifungal agents such as imidazoles have been successfully used as first-line treatment for acute VVC, the effectiveness of these medications is limited for RVVC, and various reasons have been ... إقراء المزيد

SA, aged 22 years, presented to the emergency department in her first pregnancy at 37 + 6 weeks of gestation. She gave a 4-day history of right sided abdominal pain and feeling generally unwell. She had some nausea but no vomiting, bowel or urinary symptoms. On examination she was normotensive at 100/50 mmHg, with a pulse of 80 beats per ... إقراء المزيد

SA, aged 22 years, presented to the emergency department in her first pregnancy at 37 + 6 weeks of gestation. She gave a 4-day history of right sided abdominal pain and feeling generally unwell. She had some nausea but no vomiting, bowel or urinary symptoms. On examination she was normotensive at 100/50 mmHg, with a pulse of 80 beats per ... إقراء المزيد

SA, aged 22 years, presented to the emergency department in her first pregnancy at 37 + 6 weeks of gestation. She gave a 4-day history of right sided abdominal pain and feeling generally unwell. She had some nausea but no vomiting, bowel or urinary symptoms. On examination she was normotensive at 100/50 mmHg, with a pulse of 80 beats per ... إقراء المزيد

Key content The non-technical skills (NTS) as identified in the literature. Developments in NTS training. Current assessment practices and approaches to skills assessment in obstetrics and gynaecology. Potential use of assessments of NTS in obstetrics and gynaecology. Objectives Describe the NTS required in obstetrics and gynaecology and their relationship to performance. Develop an awareness of how these skills may be ... إقراء المزيد

An outcome-based curriculum design begins with defining the student learning outcomes for the programme and the component subjects. This section attempts to guide you to do that. This section is organised as follows: • “What are intended learning outcomes?” aims to help you understand the role of intended learning outcomes and the implications for various aspects of university education in ... إقراء المزيد

BIODATA OF PATIENT 1. CHIEF COMPLAINTS 2. HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS 3. OBSTETRICAL HISTORY 4. GYNAECOLOGICAL HISTORY 5. PAST MEDICAL AND SURGICAL HISTORY 6. FAMILY HISTORY 7. MEDICATION 8. ALLERGIES 9. PERSONAL/SOCIAL HISTORY 10. إقراء المزيد

All gynaecology units should provide a dedicated outpatient hysteroscopy service to aid management of women with abnormal uterine bleeding. There are clinical and economic benefits associated with this type of service. Outpatient hysteroscopy should be conducted outside of the formal operating theatre setting in an appropriately sized, equipped and staffed treatment room with adjoining, private changing facilities and toilet. Outpatient ... إقراء المزيد