Fruits and vegetables play important and vital roles in human’s life by its essential and significant amounts of nutrients and vital components which distributed in whole fruit but concentrated in peels, seeds and kernels, known as "by-products". In this study 13 samples of fruit and vegetable by-products were investigated "orange, mandarin peels and seeds, pomegranate peels, mango peels and kernels, guava seeds, carrot, potato, green pea, onion peels and okra by-products", which are commonly used in domestic and food processing industries. The gross chemical composition were investigated, carbohydrates such as soluble and insoluble sugars were abundant elements in peel, its content were related in pomegranate, mandarin, orange peels and mango peel and kernel samples ranged from (78.72 to 71.74%), crude fats and fiber were prevalent elements in seed samples, orange and mandarin seeds had highest content of crude fat about 40.94 and 40.65 % respectively, guava seed had highest content of crude fiber about 60.24%. Bioactive compounds such as ascorbic acid, total phenol, total flavonoids and tannins contents were investigated. The results indicated that the bioactive components were detected in sample extracts but its content were vary in different samples. In general, total phenols were the highest concentration in both fresh and dried samples; pomegranate, mango peels and mango kernel had the highest content of total phenols about 8.88, 7.21 and 8.99 mg/g respectively in fresh samples and 37.66, 27.62 and 24.75 mg/g respectively in dried samples. The antioxidants activity of methanolic extracts were measured using DPPH as free radical and the ability of by-product antioxidant extract to scavenging it. The results exhibited considerable degrees of activities towards scavenging of DPPH free radical, as well as, mango kernel, pomegranate and mango peels exhibited the highest degree of activity with IC50 about 21.62, 31.09 and 27.19µg/ml of extract from fresh by-product samples and 18.79, 20.99 and 5.88 µg/ml of extract from dried by-product samples for pomegranate, mango peels and mango kernel respectively.