Today’s agriculture faces many problems that are inherent to modern agro-technology whereas high productivity necessitates intensive fertilization and irrigation. Both of these inputs to ecosystems may cause severe imbalances (Mag, 2008). As soil problems prevail in Egypt, and as the Egyptian government has been implementing several projects for land reclamation over the last decades, protection of existing soils as well as newly reclaimed areas have become the paramount issue. Egypt has a total land area of approximately 1 million km2. Most of which is desert and only 5.5% is inhabited. The total cultivated land area is about 3.6 million ha – 3% of the total land area – and consists mostly of old and newly reclaimed areas. According to US Soil Taxonomy, three soil orders have been found for the soils of Egypt: Entisols, Aridosols and Vertisols. As the opportunities in Egyptian lands, old lands which high fertile and productivity represent the largest irrigated area in Egypt and are found in the Nile Valley and Delta. These lands, characterized by alluvial soils which irrigated by traditional surface irrigation systems. Also new lands as reclaimed soils cover 1.05 million ha and the Nile is the main source of irrigation water, but in some desert areas underground water is used. The Egyptian government reclaimed approximately 150,000 ha of desert land between 1952 and 2017 (Ramadan, 2017). Current reclamation projects such as Toshka project, ElSalam Canal project, South valley project and Sharq Elewainat project. Newly reclaimed land development processes in Egypt might be affected by different factors such as climate change, shortage of water and poor soil characteristics. There are so many challenges face agricultural development in Egypt especially in soil. Salt affected soils in its two major types (saline and alkaline) soils are covering about 35% of agricultural lands (Mohamed et al 2010). Salt accumulation, ground water and inadequate drainage conditions are the major causes of salinization as in the study which carried out in Port said, Egypt, revealed that high water tables leaded to the development of salinity problems which a high correlation (r2 = 0.84) between the concentration of salt on the surface and water table levels of 70 cm or less (Mohamed et al 2010). Regarding to reclamation of sodic soils, Mahdy (2011) showed that, the method of saline or saline-sodic soils reclamation in (Alexandria, Egypt) using a combination of coal powder, WTRs, compost, and ferrous sulphate was evaluated and proved to be the best soil amendment for reducing soil pH, soil salinity, and soil sodicity. Calcareous soils cover a considerable portion of agricultural desert lands in Egypt, particularly in the northwestern coastal zone and Sinai and eastern desert (Soil Survey, 2011). For example, the total soil carbonates varies widely from 3 to 50% in El-Arish and Ras Sudr soils (Bahnasawy, 2013). Another problem in Egyptian lands is soil degradation and desertification which caused mainly by urbanization and soil pollution. In a study done to assess the change of agricultural land in (Sohag, Egypt) between 1987 and 2012, results revealed that there was an increase in built up areas which reflects urban sprawl on old cultivated soils and old cultivated land decreased from 295 km2 to 200 km2 and occupied by built up area (Mustafa and Negim, 2016). Soil pollution in Egypt is caused by the industrial effluents, agricultural drainage water and the excessive use of fertilizers and excess residues of pesticides. ElGammal et al (2014) assessed heavy metals pollution in the soils of (Damietta governorate, Egypt). Cu, Fe, Ni and Zn concentration in the samples were estimated. They found that the concentrations of Cu and Zn in all soil samples were high which in range of soil contamination. The strategies and polices for Egyptian agriculture especially for soil problems including (1) Extending agriculture to desert lands and maximizing water use efficiency, (2) Development projects in Egypt’s deserts should be implemented alongside measures to protect the resource base and better manage dry land resources, (3) Policies for reducing human and livestock pressures on deteriorating lands should be developed and implemented in order to prevent desertification, and (4) Application of different methods and procedures of salt affected soils management (Ramadan, 2017). These policies and strategies of soil problems management should be applied to enhance the agricultural production in Egypt.