Introduction and Preliminaries 1
1.1 A Thermodynamic System and the Control Volume,2
1.2 Macroscopic versus Microscopic Points of View,5
1.3 Properties and State of a Substance,6
1.4 Processes and Cycles,6
1.5 Units for Mass, Length, Time, and Force,8
1.6 Specific Volume and Density,10
1.7 Pressure,13
1.8 Energy,19
1.9 Equality of Temperature,22
1.10 The Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics,22
1.11 Temperature Scales,23
1.12 Engineering Applications,24
Summary,28
Problems,29
2 Properties of a Pure Substance 39
2.1 The Pure Substance,40
2.2 The Phase Boundaries,40
2.3 TheP–v–TSurface,44
2.4 Tables of Thermodynamic Properties,47
2.5 The Two-Phase States,49
2.6 The Liquid and Solid States,51
2.7 The Superheated Vapor States,52
2.8 The Ideal Gas States,55
2.9 The Compressibility Factor,59
2.10 Equations of State,63
2.11 Computerized Tables,64
2.12 Engineering Applications,65
Summary,68
Problems,69
3 First Law of Thermodynamics and
Energy Equation 81
3.1 The Energy Equation,81
3.2 The First Law of Thermodynamics,84
ix