ABSTRACT The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of caffeine and retinoic acid as the active metabolite form of vitamin A on the liver at pre- and postnatal periods of development. In either the pre- or the postnatal period of study, caffeine was able to perturb carbohydrates, increase calcium and decrease iron those accompanied with dowenregulated expression of ... Read more

ABSTRACT The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of caffeine and retinoic acid either in separate or in combination on the skeleton of the developing embryos of mice. Pregnant females were treated with either caffeine or retinoic acid at the onset of organogenesis (7th day of gestation). At morphological level no abnormalities in either caffeine or retinoic acid ... Read more