Introduction * Extracapsular fractures of the proximal femur between the greater and lesser trochanters Epidemiology incidence * roughly the same as femoral neck fractures demographics * female:male ratio between 2:1 and 8:1 * typically older age than patients with femoral neck fractures risk factors * proximal ... إقراء المزيد

INTRODUCTION Open fracture definition * a fracture with direct communication to the external environment * historically described as a "compound" fracture * a soft tissue wound in proximity to a fracture should be treated as an open fracture until proven otherwise * Often associated with additional ... إقراء المزيد

Introduction Epidemiology incidence * 75-80% of all clavicle fractures will occur in the middle third segment demographics * most often seen in young, active patients Pathophysiology mechanism * fall on an outstretched arm or direct trauma to lateral aspect of shoulder pathoanatomy displaced fractures * medial ... إقراء المزيد

Introduction Epidemiology incidence * 1.5-4% of all fractures * radial head fractures are among the most common elbow fractures (33%) Pathophysiology mechanism of injury * fall on outstretched hand elbow in extension + forearm in pronation * most force transmitted from wrist to radial head Associated ... إقراء المزيد

INTRODUCTION Incidence * 3-5% of all fractures bimodal age distribution * young patients with high-energy trauma * elderly, osteopenic patients with low-energy injuries RELEVANT ANATOMY Osteology * humeral shaft is cylindrical * distally humerus becomes triangular * intramedullary canal terminates 2 to 3 cm proximal to ... إقراء المزيد

Introduction * Proximal third-tibia fractures Epidemiology * most common long bone fx * account for 4% of all fx seen in the Medicare population Mechanism low energy fx pattern * result of torsional injury * indirect trauma results in spiral fx * fibula fx at different ... إقراء المزيد

Introduction * High energy injuries frequently associated with life-threatening conditions Epidemiology incidence * 37.1 per 100,000 person-years Mechanism traumatic high-energy * most common in younger population * often a result of high-speed motor vehicle accidents low-energy * more common in elderly * often a result of ... إقراء المزيد

Introduction * Mechanism typically high energy blunt trauma Mortality rate 15-25% for closed fractures, as much as 50% for open fractures hemorrhage is leading cause of death overall * closed head injury is the most common for lateral compression injuries increased mortality associated with * systolic ... إقراء المزيد

INTRODUCTION Epidemiology incidence * 4-6% of all fractures * third most common non-vertebral fracture pattern seen in the elderly (>65 years old) demographics * 2:1 female to male ratio * increasing age associated with more complex fracture types Pathophysiology mechanism low-energy falls * elderly with osteoporotic ... إقراء المزيد

Tips and tricks in major limb replantation Introduction Patients and methods Goals of treatment Results Case presentation إقراء المزيد