Objective. Laparoscopy for urological surgery is usually carried out under general anesthesia. However, laparoscopy under epidural anesthesia has been reported to be successful for laparoscopic cholecystectomy, hernia repair, gynecological procedures, renal biopsy and renal cyst unroofing. Materials and methods. From August 2011 to July 2013, 46 patients (26 male, 20 female) with a mean age of 35 years underwent retroperitoneoscopic ... Read more