The role of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase in pyrethroid resistance was studied in different strains of the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera, from India. Filed collected strains of Nagpur and Delhi were compared to the laboratory reared population. The results showed a high resistance to deltamethrin, α-cypermethrin, and β-cyfluthrin. The results also showed that this resistance could be reduced by using piperonyl ... Read more

Pyrethroid insecticides were first introduced into India in 1980, primarily for the control of Spodoptera litura, which by that time had become resistant to organophosphate, carbamate and organochlorine insecticides (Ramakrishnan et. al., 1984). Within few years, pyrethroids became popular with cotton farmers and were indiscriminately used and replaced all other insecticides (Reddy, 1987). Resistance of the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera ... Read more