Patients with chronic stroke often show increased flexor hypertonia in their affected upper limbs. Although an intervention strategy targeting the extensors of the affected upper limb might thus be expected to have benefits for functional recovery, conventional repetitive motor training has limited clinical utility. Recent studies have shown that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation could induce motor recovery. The present study ... Read more

Repeated paired associative stimulation combining peripheral nerve stimulation and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the primary motor cortex (M1) can produce human motor plasticity. However, previous studies used paired artificial stimuli, so that it is not known whether repetitive natural M1 activity associated with TMS can induce plasticity or not. To test this hypothesis, we developed a movement-related cortical stimulation ... Read more