Introduction * An intra-articular infection in children that is considered a surgical emergency and requires prompt recognition and treatment. Epidemiology demographics incidence * peaks in the first few years of life age * 50% of cases occur in children younger than 2 years of age location * hip joint involved in 35% of all cases of septic arthritis * knee ... إقراء المزيد

Introduction * Idiopathic deformity of the foot of unclear etiology Epidemiology demographics * most common musculoskeletal birth defect * overall incidence 1:1,000, though some populations 1:250 * highest prevalence in Hawaiians and Maoris * male:female ratio approximately 2:1 location * half of cases are bilateral * In 80%, clubfoot is an isolated deformity Pathophysiology muscle contractures contribute to the characteristic ... إقراء المزيد

Introduction Under-diagnosed and often mistreated fractures that may result in neurologic compromise * common in pelvic ring injuries (30-45%) * 25% are associated with neurologic injury frequently missed * 75% in patients who are neurologically intact * 50% in patients who have a neurologic deficit Epidemiology young adults * as a result of high energy trauma elderly * as a ... إقراء المزيد

INTRODUCTION Epidemiology incidence * patella fractures account for 1% of all skeletal injuries demographics * male to female 2:1 * most fractures occur in 20-50 year olds Mechanism of injury direct impact injury occurs from fall or dashboard injury * causes failure in compression indirect eccentric contraction occurs from rapid knee flexion against contracted quads muscle * causes failure in ... إقراء المزيد

Introduction Uncommon fracture pattern associated with high energy trauma 2-5% associated mortality rate * usually pulmonary or head injury * associated with Increased Injury Severity Scores Epidemiology incidence * less than 1% of all fractures location * 50% involve body and spine Associated injuries (in 80-90%) orthopaedic * rib fractures (52%) * ipsilateral clavicle fracture (25%) * spine fracture (29%) ... إقراء المزيد

Introduction * Also known as pilon fractures Epidemiology incidence * account for demographics * average patient age is 35-40 years * more common in males than females Pathophysiology mechanism * high energy axial load (motor vehicle accidents, falls from height) pathoanatomy often characterized by * articular impaction and comminution * metaphyseal bone comminution * soft tissue injury (open or Tscherne ... إقراء المزيد

Master degree exam 2014 إقراء المزيد

Master exam 2015 traumatology إقراء المزيد

INTRODUCTION Epidemiology * Gun shot wounds represent the second-leading cause of death for youth in United States. Pathoanatomy * wounding capability of a bullet directly related to its kinetic energy damage caused by * passage of missile * secondary shock wave * cavitation * exponential increase in injury with increasing velocity and efficient energy transfer * fractures may be caused ... إقراء المزيد

Introduction Consists of * supracondylar fractures * single column (condyle) fractures * bicolumn fractures * coronal shear fractures Epidemiology incidence * distal intercondylar fractures are the most common fracture pattern demographics * most common in young males and older females Pathophysiology mechanism * low energy falls in elderly * high energy impact in younger population pathoanatomy elbow position affects fracture ... إقراء المزيد