Slotted Bow-Tie Antenna Design for RFID Readers using Hybrid Optimization Techniques

Recently hybrid optimizations algorithm has attracted a lot of attention as a high-performance optimizer. This
paper presents a comparison between different hybrid optimization algorithms. The proposed algorithms are used
to design a slotted bow-tie antenna for 2.45 GHz Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) readers. The antenna is
optimized using different algorithms integrated with the CST Microwave studio. Four algorithms are compared:
Genetic Algorithm (GA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), hybrid approach involving Genetic Algorithm
(GA) and NeIder-Mead (NM) algorithm (GA-NM), and a hybrid approach involving PSO and NeIder-Mead
optimization algorithm (PSO-NM). It is anticipated that the introduced hybrid approaches are more efficient and
can be applied to other types of antennas.