A guide for management of firearm brain injuries, local experience of 126 cases from Sohag University Hospital

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) occurs when the brain is damaged as a result of physical trauma. TBI may be caused by a penetrating (open) head injury, in which an object pierces the skull and enters the brain tissue, or a closed head injury, in which the skull is not breached, and frequently results in the major long-term disability of individuals surviving head injuries.⁽⁷⁾ Cranial firearm wounds often result in severe injury to the brain and related central nervous system (CNS) structures.⁽¹⁸⁾. Although penetrating head trauma is less prevalent than closed head trauma, PBI carries a worse prognosis with high morbidity and mortality rates. Understanding of the mechanisms of injury and aggressive medical management with rapid surgical intervention may lead to improved outcomes