Abstract
Background:
Patients scheduled for spinal surgeries are expected to experience severe postoperative pain.
Thus, effective postoperative analgesia is necessary to obtain an enhanced functional outcome,
early ambulation, short hospital stay and prevention of chronic pain. Although opioid is the key
element of most postoperative analgesic regimens, multimodal therapy is currently an effective
way to decrease opioid usage and the related adverse events. Pre-incision infiltration with local
anesthetic is used to improve postoperative analgesia and reduce opioid consumption when given
as a part of multimodal analgesia.