INTRODUCTION: Spina bifida refers to a wide range of neural tube defects (NTDs) affecting the spine and spinal cord. These defects result from the maldevelopment of the neuropore and the adjacent mesodermal and ectodermal structures during embryogenesis. Spina bifida can be classified as either open or closed type according to the presence or absence of exposed neural tissue. These are ... Read more

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND DATA: The vertebral column represents the most common bony site for metastasis with an incidence ranged from 30% to 70% in patients with metastatic neoplasms. The dorsal spine carries the highest frequent site for metastasis all over the vertebral column followed by the lumber spine. These metastatic lesions are clinical entities that often necessitate a complex spinal decompression ... Read more