INTRODUCTION: Tramadol is a synthetic centrally acting analgesic with effects similar to those of codeine and 10 times less than morphine. Tramadol has a wide range of applications mostly in the treatment of moderate to severe, acute or chronic pain. Curcumin, the active component of Curcuma longa, has antioxidative, anti-fibrotic, anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative properties. AIM OF THE WORK: The aim ... Read more

INTRODUCTION: Tramadol hydrochloride is a synthetic opioid. It is a centrally acting analgesic drug widely used in the treatment of pain. Curcumin is a medicinal plant extensively used as a home remedy for various diseases. It is shown to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. AIM OF THE WORK: The aim of the study was to detect the toxic effects of ... Read more

ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: Aspartame is a low calorie sweetener; is about 180 times sweeter than sugar. The use of aspartame by diabetic individuals is increasing and is widely used in the weight loss regime. Many researches suggesting possible adverse neurological and behavioral effects due to aspartame’s metabolic components which are produced during its breakdown. Stevia belongs to the family Asteraceae. It ... Read more

INTRODUCTION: Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIO) is the most prevalent form of secondary osteoporosis, during therapy, osteoporotic fractures are one of the most devastating conditions, affecting 30—50% of patients. Alendronate is the bisphosphonates of choice for postmenopausal and glucocorticoid induced osteoporosis. It has been also recommended for the prevention of bone loss in perimenopausal women. Alfacalcidol has been widely used since 1981 ... Read more

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: The most common side effects associated with the use of methotrexate (MTX) in the commonly used doses is hepatic toxicity. As a herbal alternative _Hordeumvulgare_ seeds (Commonly known as Barley) commonly used by traditional medical practitioners in the treatment of many diseases including liver diseases.AIM OF THE WORK: The aim of this study was to study the potential ... Read more

INTRODUCTION: Methotrexate (MTX) is widely used as chemotherapy drug in the treatment of rheumatoid disease. MTX is known for its common effect in causing intestinal mucosal injury. Barley (_Hordeum vulgare _L.), an ancient grain, has been domesticated since 8000 B.C. possesses significant antioxidant, antiradical potentials and antiulcerative activity. AIM OF THE WORK: To investigate the Potential protective effects of barley's ... Read more

BACKGROUND:OBESITY IS KNOWN TO BE A MAIN RISK FACTOR FOR EARLY MENARCHE. HOWEVER, THE CAUSAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OBESITY AND EARLY MENARCHE REMAINS CONTROVERSIAL. AIM OF THE WORK: THIS STUDY AIMED TO ESTIMATE THE MEAN AGE AT MENARCHE AMONG HIGH-SCHOOL STUDENTS IN SOHAG AND TO INVESTIGATE THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN AGE OF MENARCHE AND BODY MASS INDEX. MATERIALS AND METHODS:A CROSS-SECTIONAL RETROSPECTIVE ... Read more

INTRODUCTION: The Fallopian tube plays an essential role in tubal transport of both gametes and embryos. Methotrexate is used as an alternative to surgical management of ectopic pregnancy. Methotrexate is considered a folic acid antagonist. AIM OF THE WORK: The aim of this study was to study the potential protective effect of folic acid on uterine tube mucosal damage caused ... Read more

BACKGROUND: The palmaris longus is a degenerating weak flexor muscle in the anterior of the forearm, it is extremely variable both in number and form, the most frequent variation is complete absence of the muscle. THE AIM OF THE STUDY: study the Prevalence of absence of palmaris longus in nineteen and nine age groups. SUBJECTS: The study included 800 persons ... Read more

INTRODUCTION: Aspirin (Acetyl salicylic acid) is widely used as anti-inflammatory, analgesic drug and in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Aspirin (ASA) is known for its common effect in causing gastric mucosal injury. The miswak is a natural toothbrush made from the twigs of the _Salvadora persica_ (Salvadoraceae)._ S. persica_ possesses significant anti-inflammatory and antiulcer activity. AIM OF THE WORK: To ... Read more