SEX HORMONES 1-FEMALE SEX HORMONES Estrogens and progestins are steroid hormones with numerous physiological actions. In women, these include developmental effects, control of ovulation, cyclical preparation of the reproductive tract for fertilization and implantation, ... Read more

Opioid Analgesics (Narcotic Analgesics) Opioid analgesics are drugs which, while providing relief from pain, produce drowsiness, changes in mood and mental clouding. The term opioid refers to all drugs that have opium or morphine ... Read more

Local Anesthetics Local anesthetics are drugs which cause reversible loss of pain sensation without loss of consciousness or impairment of central control of vital functions. Local anesthetics may be used as the sole form ... Read more

IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENTS Immune response: The key cells are the lymphocytes which interact with antigens via specific receptors and thereby initiate immune responses. Types of lymphocytes: (1) B cells (Bone marrow derived) which are responsible ... Read more

Drug Therapy of Gout Gout is a metabolic disease characterized by recurrent episodes of acute arthritis due to deposits of uric acid in joints and cartilage. Uric acid renal calculi, tophi, and interstitial nephritis ... Read more

FLUOROQUINOLONES Nalidixic acid is one of the older members of the quinolone class of synthetic antimicrobial agents that have been used for the treatment of lower urinary tract infections. Drugs of this class are ... Read more

DRUGS USED IN THE CHEMOTHERAPY OF TUBERCULOSIS Pulmonary disease is the most frequent clinical presentation of tuberculosis (T.B.). Less common clinical manifestations include meningitis, renal disease, vertebral osteomyelitis (Pott's disease), skin involvement (lupus vulgaris) ... Read more

Central Neurotransmitters For CNS to coordinate and integrate its various functions with sufficient flexibility, neurotransmitters are required. Neurotransmitter criteria: 1-The transmitter must be present in the presynaptic terminals of the synapse and in the ... Read more