Industrial organic chemistry includes the chemistry of soap and detergents - application of some aromatic compounds as polymers - pharmaceutical industry - pesticides - sugar industry. إقراء المزيد

A carbohydrate is a biomolecule consisting of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) atoms, usually with a hydrogen–oxygen atom ratio of 2:1 (as in water). The carbohydrates are technically hydrates of carbon; structurally it is more accurate to view them as aldoses and ketoses. إقراء المزيد

PETROLEUM is a mixture of a very large number of different hydrocarbons; the most commonly found molecules are alkanes (paraffins), cycloalkanes (naphthenes), aromatic hydrocarbons, or more complicated chemicals like asphaltenes. ... Alkanes with more than 16 carbon atoms can be refined into fuel oil and lubricating ... إقراء المزيد

Polynuclear hydrocarbons are hydrocarbons—organic compounds containing only carbon and hydrogen—that are composed of multiple aromatic rings (organic rings in which the electrons are delocalized). The simplest such chemicals are naphthalene, having two aromatic rings, and the three-ring compounds anthracene and phenanthrene. إقراء المزيد

A heterocyclic compound is a cyclic compound that has atoms of at least two different elements as members of its ring(s). Heterocyclic chemistry is the branch of organic chemistry dealing with the synthesis, properties, and applications of these heterocycles. For example : pyrrole, furan, thiophene, pyridine..... ... إقراء المزيد

Aromatic compound, any of a large class of unsaturated chemical compounds characterized by one or more planar rings of atoms joined by covalent bonds of two different kinds. The unique stability of these compounds is referred to as aromaticity. Although the term aromatic originally concerned odour, ... إقراء المزيد

Relating to ORGANIC COMPOUNDS whose carbon atoms are linked in open chains, either straight or branched, rather than containing a benzene ring. For example : alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes are ALIPHATIC COMPOUNDS. إقراء المزيد