for undergraduate teaching, will discuss causes of vertigo, and describe the most common three tyes BPPV, Meniere disease and vestibular neurinitis and how to manage each إقراء المزيد

assessment of hearing , history of hearing loss, causes, and tests that used for assessment of hearing for example pure-tone audiometry, tympanometry, ABR, OAEs and speech tests إقراء المزيد

full discussion for how to examine the ear from inspection to local examination we wiil discuss congenital anomalies and development of the ear إقراء المزيد