_ABSTRACT_ _Purpose: to study different techniques in resection of carcinoma of lower esophagus and cardia with regards to techniques, complications, morbidity, mortality, and survival._ _Methods: from Feb. 2005 to Aug. 2006, this study included 33 patients with operable carcinoma of the lower esophagus or cardia as evident by clinical and investigatory tools including endoscopy and biopsy, patients were classified into: ... Read more