Background: The transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is an important cytokine with anti-inflammatory properties may have a role in pathogenesis of liver fibrosis. Objectives: The main purpose of this study was to compare the serum levels of TGF-β1 in a group of chronic HBV infected (CHB) patients as well as healthy individuals and to determine the correlation between the TGF-β1 and stages of fibrosis in CHB patients. Patients and methods: A case control study using forty patients with CHB as well as forty healthy individuals were enrolled in the study. ELISA technique was applied to measure the serum level of TGF-β1 in both patient and control groups. We used the data of the liver biopsy of CHB patients to make a correlation between TGF-β1 and stages of fibrosis. Results: Our results revealed that the serum levels of TGF-β were significantly increased in CHB patients (1958.0±730.26pg/ml) in comparison with healthy controls (944.4±573.24 pg/ml) (P<0.0001). Serum levels of TGF-β1 was significantly increased in F2-F3 (2600.0 ± 472.69 pg/ml) in comparison with F0-F1(1483.5 ± 478.54 pg/ml) (P < 0.0001). Conclusion: The study concluded that high serum levels of TGF-β may be a mechanism by which immune response against HBV is suppressed. The serum level of TGF-β1 is a potential noninvasive maker for diagnosis of liver fibrosis in CHB patients