It is well known that the stone decay is determined by the type of stone and by the dominated surrounded factor affecting the archaeological building amount and source of moisture. This book aims to the studying the different environmental factors affecting the archaeological buildings in Egypt. It contains the scientific series of 5 chapters under main title "The environmental factors affecting the archaeological buildings in Egypt" with different sub titles: 1) Deterioration by deserted environment. 2) Deterioration by severe human activity. 3) Deterioration by severe coastal effects. 4) Deterioration by severe seismic actions.  5) Deterioration by microbial environment. The main goal of these chapters is presenting the different deterioration factors and their different mechanisms and finally their resulted deterioration aspects