The human body is colonized by a number of different nonpathogenic
microbes that, as a whole, play crucial roles in health and disease. These
commensal microorganisms exert profound effects on the development
and function of the immune system and therefore strongly influence
immune-mediated diseases . Acquired bone marrow (BM) failure
syndromes encompass a group of disorders characterized by a reduction
in the effective production of mature erythrocytes, granulocytes, and
platelets by the bone marrow, which in most cases result from the
immune-mediated inhibition of hematopoiesis at specific stages of differentiation.
We hypothesize here that altered immune-commensal interactions
induced by dysbiosis may contribute to triggering autoimmunemediated
acquired bone marrow syndromes.