DISEASES OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
DISEASES OF THE LIPS
Herpes simplex
Primary syphilis
Tumors
Benign tumors
Malignant tumors
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Precancerous lesions
Gross picture
Microscopic picture
Spread
DISEASES OF THE MOUTH
STOMATITIS
Definition
Types
Catarrhal stomatitis
Aphthous stomatitis
Herpetic stomatitis
Vincent's angina
Agranulocytic angina
Moniliasis or thrush
TUMOURS OF THE MOUTH
Benign tumors
Malignant tumors
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
DISEASES OF THE TONGUE
GLOSSITIS
Definition
Types
Acute glossitis
Chronic glossitis
Leukoplakia of the tongue
Causes
Gross picture
Microscopic picture
Effects
ULCERS OF THE TONGUE
Dental ulcer
Dyspeptic ulcers
Tuberculous ulcer
Syphilitic ulcers
Malignant ulcer
TUMOURS OF THE TONGUE
Benign tumors
Malignant tumors
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Precancerous lesions
Gross picture
Microscopic picture
Spread
DISEASES OF THE SALIVARY GLANDS
INFLAMMATION OF THE SALIVARY GLANDS
Acute suppurative parotitis
Predisposing factors
Cause
Pathology
Complications
Mumps (epidemic parotitis)
Definition
Pathology
Complications
Causes of parotid enlargement
TUMOURS OF THE SALIVARY GLANDS
Benign tumors
Pleomorphic adenoma (benign mixed salivary gland tumor)
Gross picture
Microscopic picture
Behavior
Monomorphic adenomas
Adenolymphoma (Papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum)
Gross picture
Microscopic picture
Malignant tumors
Malignant mixed salivary gland tumor
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma (Cylindroma)
Acinic cell tumor
DISEASES OF THE ESOPHAGUS
Inflammation
Barrett's esophagus
Ulcers of esophagus
Esophageal diverticulae
Traction or anterior diverticulum
Pulsion or posterior diverticulum
Esophageal obstruction
Organic causes
Functional causes
Esophageal varices
Definition
Causes
Tumors of the esophagus
Benign tumors
Malignant tumors
Carcinoma of the esophagus
Sites
Gross picture
Microscopic picture
Spread
DISEASES OF THE STOMACH
CONGENITAL PYLORIC STENOSIS
GASTRITIS
Acute Gastritis
Causes
Pathology
Chronic Gastritis
Etiology
Pathological features
Types
Chronic superficial gastritis
Chronic atrophic gastritis
ACUTE ULCERS OF STOMACH AND DUODENUM
CHRONIC PEPTIC ULCERS
Sites
Etiology
Predisposing factors
Pathogenesis of duodenal ulcer
Pathogenesis of gastric ulcer
Pathology
Sites
Gross picture
Size
Shape
Margin
Edge
Floor
Base
Outer serosal covering
Microscopic picture
Complications
Hemorrhage
Perforation
Cicatricial contraction
Malignant change
TUMOURS OF THE STOMACH
Benign tumors
Adenoma (adenomatous polyp)
Leiomyoma
Leiomyoblastoma, fibroma, neurofibroma, lipoma and angiomas
Malignant tumors
Carcinoma
Carcinoid tumor
Sarcomas
GASTRIC CARCINOMA
Precancerous Lesions
Site
Gross picture
Polypoid or fungating carcinoma
Ulcerative carcinoma
Infiltrating carcinoma
Microscopic picture
Adenocarcinoma
Mucoid carcinoma
Signet-ring cell carcinoma
Undifferentiated carcinoma
Spread
Direct spread
Lymphatic spread
Blood spread
Transcelomic spread
Effects
HAEMATEMESIS
Definition
Causes
Diseases of the esophagus
Diseases of the stomach
Diseases of the duodenum
Acute ulcers, peptic ulcer and tumors
Blood diseases
Vitamin deficiency
DISEASES OF THE INTESTINE
TYPHOID FEVER
Definition
Mode of Infection
Pathogenesis
Tissue Reaction
Pathological Lesions
Intestinal Lesions
Extra-intestinal Lesions
Spleen
Bone marrow
Gallbladder
Degenerative changes: Liver, Heart Muscles, vessels and Skin
Complications
DYSENTERY
Definition
Types
AMOEBIC DYSENTERY
Etiology
Pathogenesis
Gross Picture
Microscopic picture
Complications of Intestinal Amoebiasis
AMOEBIC LIVER ABSCESS
Etiology
Pathological features
BACILIARY DYSENTERY
Definition
Mode of Infection
Gross Picture
Microscopic Picture
Complications
DISEASES OF THE APPENDIX
ACUTE APPENDICITIS
Organisms
Pathogenesis
Pathology
Acute catarrhal appendicitis
Acute suppurative appendicitis
Acute gangrenous appendicitis
Complications
CHRONIC APPENDICITIS
MUCOCELE OF THE APPENDIX
REGIONAL ENTERITIS (CROHN'S DISEASE)
Definition
Etiology
Gross Picture
Microscopic Picture
Complications
ULCERATIVE COLITIS
Definition
Etiology
Gross Picture
Microscopic Picture
Complications
INTESTINAL DIVERTICULAE
Congenital diverticulae
Meckel's diverticulum
Complications
Acquired diverticulae
Etiology
Sites
Pathological features
Complications
HERNIA
Definition
Types
External hernia
Internal hernia
Etiology
Complications
ACUTE INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION
Definition
Types
Effects
Strangulation
Strangulated Hernia
Causes
Effects
Intussusception
Definition
Causes
Types
Ileo-cecal
Enteric type (ileo-ileal)
Colo-colonic type
Effects
Volvulus
Definition
Predisposing factor
Effects
Paralytic Ileus
Definition
Causes
Effects
Mesenteric Vascular Occlusion
Causes
Effects
General effects in acute intestinal obstruction
CHRONIC INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION
Definition
Causes
Effects
MALABSORPTION SYNDROMES
TUMOURS OF THE SMALL INTESTINE
Benign tumors
Malignant tumors
Adenocarcinoma
Carcinoid tumor (argentaffinoma)
Gross Picture
Microscopic Picture
Spread and effect
Malignant Lymphoma
TUMOURS OF THE APPENDIX
TUMOURS OF THE LARGE INTESTINE
Benign tumors
Tubular adenoma (adenomatous polyp)
Villous adenoma
Tubulovillous adenoma
Familial polyposis
Hamartomatous polypi
Malignant tumors
CARCINOMA OF LARGE INTESTINE
Predisposing Factors
Sites
Gross Picture
Polypoid type
Ulcerative type
Infiltrating annular type
Microscopic Picture
Adenocarcinoma
Mucoid carcinoma
Undifferentiated scirrhous carcinoma
Spread
Direct spread
Lymphatic spread
Blood spread
Transcelomic spread
Staging (Modified Dukes System)
Effects
MEGACOLON (HIRSCHSPRUNG'S DISEASE)
Definition
Effects
HAEMORRHOIDS (PILES)
Definition
Etiology
Predisposing factors
Exciting factors
Types
Internal piles
External piles
Complications
BLEEDING PER RECTUM
Definition
Intestinal lesions
Hemorrhagic blood diseases
Scurvy and vitamin K deficiency