Conservation science is not a single discipline, it is a portmanteau term (sometimes called ‘museum science’) covering several allied subjects: 1- Environmental science and monitoring of the cultural heritage. 2- Research into improved practical conservation treatments for works of art. 3- Technical and analytical research on the make up of the material culture through a wide range of chemical and physical examination techniques of works of art and cultural objects. 4- A vital part of the conduct of conservation science are activities concerned with the development of instruments and technologies designed to advance the areas of research.