- ICHD-3 was published as the first issue of Cephalalgia in 2018, exactly 30 years after the first edition of the International Classification of Headache Disorders, ICHD-I as we now call it. This first version was based primarily upon the opinions of experts, but proved nevertheless to be largely valid. ICHD-II, published in 2004, included a number of changes prompted partly by new evidence and partly by revised opinions of experts. New scientific evidence played a relatively greater role in the changes made in ICHD-3 beta, and all the further changes included in ICHD-3 are based on such evidence. Thus, headache classification is now and will in the future be driven entirely by research. A long journey that started in 2010 has ended with the publication of ICHD-3, but the present committee has still much to do for a couple of years. (Jes Olesen, 2018)
-
the reference:Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society (IHS) The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition. Cephalalgia, 2018. 38(1): p. 1-211.
The parts of the Classification
1)Part one: The Primary Headaches
2)Part two: The Secondary Headaches
3)Part three: Painful Cranial Neuropathies, Other Facial Pains, and Other Headaches
The Classification
- Migraine
1.1 Migraine without aura
1.2 Migraine with aura
1.2.1 Migraine with typical aura
1.2.1.1 Typical aura with headache
1.2.1.2 Typical aura without headache
1.2.2 Migraine with brainstem aura
1.2.3 Hemiplegic migraine
1.2.3.1 Familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM)
1.2.3.1.1 Familial hemiplegic migraine type 1 (FHM1)
1.2.3.1.2 Familial hemiplegic migraine type 2 (FHM2)
1.2.3.1.3 Familial hemiplegic migraine type 3 (FHM3)
1.2.3.1.4 Familial hemiplegic migraine, other loci
1.2.3.2 Sporadic hemiplegic migraine (SHM)
1.2.4 Retinal migraine
1.3 Chronic migraine
1.4 Complications of migraine
1.4.1 Status migrainosus
1.4.2 Persistent aura without infarction
1.4.3 Migrainous infarction
1.4.4 Migraine aura-triggered seizure
1.5 Probable migraine
1.5.1 Probable migraine without aura
1.5.2 Probable migraine with aura
1.6 Episodic syndromes that may be associated with migraine
1.6.1 Recurrent gastrointestinal disturbance
1.6.1.1 Cyclical vomiting syndrome
1.6.1.2 Abdominal migraine
1.6.2 Benign paroxysmal vertigo
1.6.3 Benign paroxysmal torticollis
- Tension-type headache (TTH)
2.1 Infrequent episodic tension-type headache
2.1.1 Infrequent episodic tension-type headache associated with pericranial tenderness
2.1.2 Infrequent episodic tension-type headache not associated with pericranial tenderness
2.2 Frequent episodic tension-type headache
2.2.1 Frequent episodic tension-type headache associated with pericranial tenderness
2.2.2 Frequent episodic tension-type headache not associated with pericranial tenderness
2.3 Chronic tension-type headache
2.3.1 Chronic tension-type headache associated with pericranial tenderness
2.3.2 Chronic tension-type headache not associated with pericranial tenderness
2.4 Probable tension-type headache
2.4.1 Probable infrequent episodic tension-type headache
2.4.2 Probable frequent episodic tension-type headache
2.4.3 Probable chronic tension-type headache
- Trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias (TACs)
3.1 Cluster headache
3.1.1 Episodic cluster headache
3.1.2 Chronic cluster headache
3.2 Paroxysmal hemicrania
3.2.1 Episodic paroxysmal hemicrania
3.2.2 Chronic paroxysmal hemicrania
3.3 Short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks
3.3.1 Short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with conjunctival injection and tearing (SUNCT)
3.3.1.1 Episodic SUNCT
3.3.1.2 Chronic SUNCT
3.3.2 Short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with cranial autonomic symptoms (SUNA)
3.3.2.1 Episodic SUNA
3.3.2.2 Chronic SUNA
3.4 Hemicrania continua
3.4.1 Hemicrania continua, remitting subtype
3.4.2 Hemicrania continua, unremitting subtype
3.5 Probable trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia
3.5.1 Probable cluster headache
3.5.2 Probable paroxysmal hemicrania
3.5.3 Probable short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks
3.5.4 Probable hemicrania continua
- Other primary headache disorders
4.1 Primary cough headache
4.1.1 Probable primary cough headache
4.2 Primary exercise headache
4.2.1 Probable primary exercise headache
4.3 Primary headache associated with sexual activity
4.3.1 Probable primary headache associated with sexual activity
4.4 Primary thunderclap headache
4.5 Cold-stimulus headache
4.5.1 Headache attributed to external application of a cold stimulus
4.5.2 Headache attributed to ingestion or inhalation of a cold stimulus
4.5.3 Probable cold-stimulus headache
4.5.3.1 Headache probably attributed to external application of a cold stimulus
4.5.3.2 Headache probably attributed to ingestion or inhalation of a cold stimulus
4.6 External-pressure headache
4.6.1 External-compression headache
4.6.2 External-traction headache
4.6.3 Probable external-pressure headache
4.6.3.1 Probable external-compression headache
4.6.3.2 Probable external-traction headache
4.7 Primary stabbing headache
4.7.1 Probable primary stabbing headache
4.8 Nummular headache
4.8.1 Probable nummular headache
4.9 Hypnic headache
4.9.1 Probable hypnic headache
4.10 New daily persistent headache (NDPH)
4.10.1 Probable new daily persistent headache
- Headache attributed to trauma or injury to the head and/or neck
5.1 Acute headache attributed to traumatic injury to the head
5.1.1 Acute headache attributed to moderate or severe traumatic injury to the head
5.1.2 Acute headache attributed to mild traumatic injury to the head
5.2 Persistent headache attributed to traumatic injury to the head
5.2.1 Persistent headache attributed to moderate or severe traumatic injury to the head
5.2.2 Persistent headache attributed to mild traumatic injury to the head
5.3 Acute headache attributed to whiplash
5.4 Persistent headache attributed to whiplash
5.5 Acute headache attributed to craniotomy
5.6 Persistent headache attributed to craniotomy
- Headache attributed to cranial and/or cervical vascular disorder
6.1 Headache attributed to cerebral ischaemic event
6.1.1 Headache attributed to ischaemic stroke (cerebral infarction)
6.1.1.1 Acute headache attributed to ischaemic stroke (cerebral infarction)
6.1.1.2 Persistent headache attributed to past ischaemic stroke (cerebral infarction)
6.1.2 Headache attributed to transient ischaemic attack (TIA)
6.2 Headache attributed to non-traumatic intracranial haemorrhage
6.2.1 Acute headache attributed to non-traumatic intracerebral haemorrhage
6.2.2 Acute headache attributed to non-traumatic subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH)
6.2.3 Acute headache attributed to non-traumatic acute subdural haemorrhage (ASDH)
6.2.4 Persistent headache attributed to past non-traumatic intracranial haemorrhage
6.2.4.1 Persistent headache attributed to past non-traumatic intracerebral haemorrhage
6.2.4.2 Persistent headache attributed to past non-traumatic subarachnoid haemorrhage
6.2.4.3 Persistent headache attributed to past non-traumatic acute subdural haemorrhage
6.3 Headache attributed to unruptured vascular malformation
6.3.1 Headache attributed to unruptured saccular aneurysm
6.3.2 Headache attributed to arteriovenous malformation (AVM)
6.3.3 Headache attributed to dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF)
6.3.4 Headache attributed to cavernous angioma
6.3.5 Headache attributed to encephalotrigeminal or leptomeningeal angiomatosis (Sturge Weber syndrome)
6.4 Headache attributed to arteritis
6.4.1 Headache attributed to giant cell arteritis (GCA)
6.4.2 Headache attributed to primary angiitis of the central nervous system (PACNS)
6.4.3 Headache attributed to secondary angiitis of the central nervous system (SACNS)
6.5 Headache attributed to cervical carotid or vertebral artery disorder
6.5.1 Headache or facial or neck pain attributed to cervical carotid or vertebral artery dissection
6.5.1.1 Acute headache or facial or neck pain attributed to cervical carotid or vertebral artery dissection
6.5.1.2 Persistent headache or facial or neck pain attributed to past cervical carotid or vertebral artery dissection
6.5.2 Post-endarterectomy headache
6.5.3 Headache attributed to carotid or vertebral angioplasty or stenting
6.6 Headache attributed to cranial venous disorder
6.6.1 Headache attributed to cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT)
6.6.2 Headache attributed to cranial venous sinus stenting
6.7 Headache attributed to other acute intracranial arterial disorder
6.7.1 Headache attributed to an intracranial endarterial procedure
6.7.2 Angiography headache
6.7.3 Headache attributed to reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS)
6.7.3.1 Acute headache attributed to reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS)
6.7.3.2 Acute headache probably attributed to reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS)
6.7.3.3 Persistent headache attributed to past reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS)
6.7.4 Headache attributed to intracranial artery dissection
6.8 Headache and/or migraine-like aura attributed to chronic intracranial vasculopathy
6.8.1 Headache attributed to Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL)
6.8.2 Headache attributed to mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS)
6.8.3 Headache attributed to Moyamoya angiopathy (MMA)
6.8.4 Migraine-like aura attributed to cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA)
6.8.5 Headache attributed to syndrome of retinal vasculopathy with cerebral leukoencephalopathy and systemic manifestations (RVCLSM)
6.8.6 Headache attributed to other chronic intracranial vasculopathy
6.9 Headache attributed to pituitary apoplexy
- Headache attributed to non-vascular intracranial disorder
7.1 Headache attributed to increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure
7.1.1 Headache attributed to idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH)
7.1.2 Headache attributed to intracranial hypertension secondary to metabolic, toxic or hormonal cause
7.1.3 Headache attributed to intracranial hypertension secondary to chromosomal disorder
7.1.4 Headache attributed to intracranial hypertension secondary to hydrocephalus
7.2 Headache attributed to low cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure
7.2.1 Post-dural puncture headache
7.2.2 Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistula headache
7.2.3 Headache attributed to spontaneous intracranial hypotension
7.3 Headache attributed to non-infectious inflammatory intracranial disease
7.3.1 Headache attributed to neurosarcoidosis
7.3.2 Headache attributed to aseptic (non-infectious) meningitis
7.3.3 Headache attributed to other non-infectious inflammatory intracranial disease
7.3.4 Headache attributed to lymphocytic hypophysitis
7.3.5 Syndrome of transient headache and neurological deficits with cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytosis (HaNDL)
7.4 Headache attributed to intracranial neoplasia
7.4.1 Headache attributed to intracranial neoplasm
7.4.1.1 Headache attributed to colloid cyst of the third ventricle
7.4.2 Headache attributed to carcinomatous meningitis
7.4.3 Headache attributed to hypothalamic or pituitary hyper- or hyposecretion
7.5 Headache attributed to intrathecal injection
7.6 Headache attributed to epileptic seizure
7.6.1 Ictal epileptic headache
7.6.2 Post-ictal headache
7.7 Headache attributed to Chiari malformation type I (CM1)
7.8 Headache attributed to other non-vascular intracranial disorder
- Headache attributed to a substance or its withdrawal
8.1 Headache attributed to use of or exposure to a substance
8.1.1 Nitric oxide (NO) donor-induced headache
8.1.1.1 Immediate NO donor-induced headache
8.1.1.2 Delayed NO donor-induced headache
8.1.2 Phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor-induced headache
8.1.3 Carbon monoxide (CO)-induced headache
8.1.4 Alcohol-induced headache
8.1.4.1 Immediate alcohol-induced headache
8.1.4.2 Delayed alcohol-induced headache
8.1.5 Cocaine-induced headache
8.1.6 Histamine-induced headache
8.1.6.1 Immediate histamine-induced headache
8.1.6.2 Delayed histamine-induced headache
8.1.7 Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-induced headache
8.1.7.1 Immediate CGRP-induced headache
8.1.7.2 Delayed CGRP-induced headache
8.1.8 Headache attributed to exogenous acute pressor agent
8.1.9 Headache attributed to occasional use of non-headache medication
8.1.10 Headache attributed to long-term use of non-headache medication
8.1.11 Headache attributed to use of or exposure to other substance
8.2 Medication-overuse headache (MOH)
8.2.1 Ergotamine-overuse headache
8.2.2 Triptan-overuse headache
8.2.3 Non-opioid analgesic-overuse headache
8.2.3.1 Paracetamol (acetaminophen)-overuse headache
8.2.3.2 Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-overuse headache
8.2.3.2.1 Acetylsalicylic acid-overuse headache
8.2.3.3 Other non-opioid analgesic-overuse headache
8.2.4 Opioid-overuse headache
8.2.5 Combination-analgesic-overuse headache
8.2.6 Medication-overuse headache attributed to multiple drug classes not individually overused
8.2.7 Medication-overuse headache attributed to unspecified or unverified overuse of multiple drug classes
8.2.8 Medication-overuse headache attributed to other medication
8.3 Headache attributed to substance withdrawal
8.3.1 Caffeine-withdrawal headache
8.3.2 Opioid-withdrawal headache
8.3.3 Oestrogen-withdrawal headache
8.3.4 Headache attributed to withdrawal from chronic use of other substance
- Headache attributed to infection
9.1 Headache attributed to intracranial infection
9.1.1 Headache attributed to bacterial meningitis or meningoencephalitis
9.1.1.1 Acute headache attributed to bacterial meningitis or meningoencephalitis
9.1.1.2 Chronic headache attributed to bacterial meningitis or meningoencephalitis
9.1.1.3 Persistent headache attributed to past bacterial meningitis or meningoencephalitis
9.1.2 Headache attributed to viral meningitis or encephalitis
9.1.2.1 Headache attributed to viral meningitis
9.1.2.2 Headache attributed to viral encephalitis
9.1.3 Headache attributed to intracranial fungal or other parasitic infection
9.1.3.1 Acute headache attributed to intracranial fungal or other parasitic infection
9.1.3.2 Chronic headache attributed to intracranial fungal or other parasitic infection
9.1.4 Headache attributed to localized brain infection
9.2 Headache attributed to systemic infection
9.2.1 Headache attributed to systemic bacterial infection
9.2.1.1 Acute headache attributed to systemic bacterial infection
9.2.1.2 Chronic headache attributed to systemic bacterial infection
9.2.2 Headache attributed to systemic viral infection
9.2.2.1 Acute headache attributed to systemic viral infection
9.2.2.2 Chronic headache attributed to systemic viral infection
9.2.3 Headache attributed to other systemic infection
9.2.3.1 Acute headache attributed to other systemic infection
9.2.3.2 Chronic headache attributed to other systemic infection
- Headache attributed to disorder of homoeostasis
10.1 Headache attributed to hypoxia and/or hypercapnia
10.1.1 High-altitude headache
10.1.2 Headache attributed to aeroplane travel
10.1.3 Diving headache
10.1.4 Sleep apnoea headache
10.2 Dialysis headache
10.3 Headache attributed to arterial hypertension
10.3.1 Headache attributed to phaeochromocytoma
10.3.2 Headache attributed to hypertensive crisis without hypertensive encephalopathy
10.3.3 Headache attributed to hypertensive encephalopathy
10.3.4 Headache attributed to pre-eclampsia or eclampsia
10.3.5 Headache attributed to autonomic dysreflexia
10.4 Headache attributed to hypothyroidism
10.5 Headache attributed to fasting
10.6 Cardiac cephalalgia
10.7 Headache attributed to other disorder of homoeostasis
- Headache or facial pain attributed to disorder of the cranium, neck, eyes, ears, nose, sinuses, teeth, mouth or other facial or cervical structure
11.1 Headache attributed to disorder of cranial bone
11.2 Headache attributed to disorder of the neck
11.2.1 Cervicogenic headache
11.2.2 Headache attributed to retropharyngeal tendonitis
11.2.3 Headache attributed to craniocervical dystonia
11.3 Headache attributed to disorder of the eyes
11.3.1 Headache attributed to acute angle-closure glaucoma
11.3.2 Headache attributed to refractive error
11.3.3 Headache attributed to ocular inflammatory disorder
11.3.4 Trochlear headache
11.4 Headache attributed to disorder of the ears
11.5 Headache attributed to disorder of the nose or paranasal sinuses
11.5.1 Headache attributed to acute rhinosinusitis
11.5.2 Headache attributed to chronic or recurring rhinosinusitis
11.6 Headache attributed to disorder of the teeth
11.7 Headache attributed to temporomandibular disorder (TMD)
11.8 Head or facial pain attributed to inflammation of the stylohyoid ligament
11.9 Headache or facial pain attributed to other disorder of cranium, neck, eyes, ears, nose, sinuses, teeth, mouth or other facial or cervical structure
- Headache attributed to psychiatric disorder
12.1 Headache attributed to somatization disorder
12.2 Headache attributed to psychotic disorder
- Painful lesions of the cranial nerves and other facial pain
13.1 Pain attributed to a lesion or disease of the trigeminal nerve
13.1.1 Trigeminal neuralgia
13.1.1.1 Classical trigeminal neuralgia
13.1.1.1.1 Classical trigeminal neuralgia, purely paroxysmal
13.1.1.1.2 Classical trigeminal neuralgia with concomitant continuous pain
13.1.1.2 Secondary trigeminal neuralgia
13.1.1.2.1 Trigeminal neuralgia attributed to multiple sclerosis
13.1.1.2.2 Trigeminal neuralgia attributed to space-occupying lesion
13.1.1.2.3 Trigeminal neuralgia attributed to other cause
13.1.1.3 Idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia
13.1.1.3.1 Idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia, purely paroxysmal
13.1.1.3.2 Idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia with concomitant continuous pain
13.1.2 Painful trigeminal neuropathy
13.1.2.1 Painful trigeminal neuropathy attributed to herpes zoster
13.1.2.2 Trigeminal post-herpetic neuralgia
13.1.2.3 Painful post-traumatic trigeminal neuropathy
13.1.2.4 Painful trigeminal neuropathy attributed to other disorder
13.1.2.5 Idiopathic painful trigeminal neuropathy
13.2 Pain attributed to a lesion or disease of the glossopharyngeal nerve
13.2.1 Glossopharyngeal neuralgia
13.2.1.1 Classical glossopharyngeal neuralgia
13.2.1.2 Secondary glossopharyngeal neuralgia
13.2.1.3 Idiopathic glossopharyngeal neuralgia
13.2.2 Painful glossopharyngeal neuropathy
13.2.2.1 Painful glossopharyngeal neuropathy attributed to a known cause
13.2.2.2 Idiopathic painful glossopharyngeal neuropathy
13.3 Pain attributed to a lesion or disease of nervus intermedius
13.3.1 Nervus intermedius neuralgia
13.3.1.1 Classical nervus intermedius neuralgia
13.3.1.2 Secondary nervus intermedius neuralgia
13.3.1.3 Idiopathic nervus intermedius neuralgia
13.3.2 Painful nervus intermedius neuropathy
13.3.2.1 Painful nervus intermedius neuropathy attributed to herpes zoster
13.3.2.2 Post-herpetic neuralgia of nervus intermedius
13.3.2.3 Painful nervus intermedius neuropathy attributed to other disorder
13.3.2.4 Idiopathic painful nervus intermedius neuropathy
13.4 Occipital neuralgia
13.5 Neck-tongue syndrome
13.6 Painful optic neuritis
13.7 Headache attributed to ischaemic ocular motor nerve palsy
13.8 Tolosa–Hunt syndrome
13.9 Paratrigeminal oculosympathetic (Raeder’s) syndrome
13.10 Recurrent painful ophthalmoplegic neuropathy
13.11 Burning mouth syndrome (BMS)
13.12 Persistent idiopathic facial pain (PIFP)
13.13 Central neuropathic pain
13.13.1 Central neuropathic pain attributed to multiple sclerosis (MS)
13.13.2 Central post-stroke pain (CPSP)
- Other headache disorders
14.1 Headache not elsewhere classified
14.2 Headache unspecified