Every day, the everyday person is forced to spend most of his time sitting motionless, despite the love of man for movement and activity. This has encouraged me to use the means of modern technology in everyday life. Every day, we have many inventions that aim to provide comfort And thus reduce the movement of the human and away from the movement and make any physical effort to spend the various needs of the day.

With a quick look at life in the 1960s and 1970s, we see that during this period, man was more active and more active than the present time, so the level of general fitness and public health were much better than the present time.

Therefore, the individual is now in dire need of increasing the rates of movement and activity to maintain health and fitness. Exercise also benefits the person and protects him from many diseases. The most famous is obesity, diabetes and blood pressure diseases. Physical exertion ..

Physical fitness is the level of the physical state on which the athlete depends on the components of his physical fitness, which is measured by measuring instruments and scientific tests and compare them to the optimum level .. (1)

Fitness is an individual's ability and physical fitness to do his part in this life without stress or fatigue .. (2)

(1) https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/

(2) Siham Effat: Fitness for Girls and Ladies, First Edition, Dar Al Ma'arif, 2011

The importance of fitness:

  1. The social aspect:
    It allows the individual to acquire social experiences that help shape his personality, satisfy his sense of belonging to the community, develop sound social and moral values, and increase his interaction in society if he is characterized by high fitness. One of the social values ​​that an individual can acquire through the exercise of sports activities: sportsmanship, cooperation, leadership, discipline, fun, good citizenship, social relations, obedience, order.

2. Health:
Fitness improves public health, increases the vital capacity of the lungs, increases the size of the heart, works with less rhythms and economy, develops the muscular system, and reduces the spread of diseases, especially heart disease and obesity. Fitness also improves body strength, . Helps build a healthy and attractive personality ..

3. Psychological aspects:
Provides the individual with multiple opportunities to have the ability to express himself, and to develop control over the emotions that enable him to behave well in critical situations. As well as work on the formation of balanced personality and characterized by inclusiveness and integration, and psychological balance and pleasure and success and satisfaction ..

4. Mental development:
Sports activities provide individuals with the values, experiences and cognitive concepts that can be gained through the exercise of activities. Sports activities develop various mental skills and processes such as understanding, application, analysis, synthesis, perception, perception, attention and thinking.

In general, fitness is the broad base that can serve as the backbone of all sports activities at all stages, and it is even more important that they build on them the mathematical result during competition and racing to achieve advanced athletic achievements.

Physical Fitness Divisions:

Fitness can be divided into two parts:
1 - General fitness:
Is the development and development of all the elements of fitness that have been mentioned and is the basis on which to build the fitness of the special ..

Special Fitness:
Is the development of some elements of fitness in each particular form of sports, and this means that each game requires a certain kind of fitness elements and this does not mean preference element preference element to another, for example weightlifting player needs a power element and long distance players need to endurance Thus, physical fitness can be defined as the efficiency of the body in the face of the requirements of a particular activity.

Fitness components:

The scientists and specialists in the field of physical education has many attempts and diligent in determining the components of the elements of fitness, and these attempts still exist until the American Society of Sports Medicine and the American Society of the heart is a modern classification based on the link between the elements of physical fitness two principles: Physical fitness, cardiovascular fitness, musculoskeletal strength, muscular endurance and flexibility (the other principle is the fitness elements associated with motor or motor sports performance) and in addition to health-speed and bribe-related elements Balance and accuracy ...) as elements required for the performance of a distinct movement in different competitive skills and sports, and for the preservation of public health must be interested in the development of elements related to health as in the previous classification, agreed many of the references and specialized scientific research on the identification of physical abilities (Muscle strength, flexibility, speed, muscular endurance, balance, agility).

"There is a difference among scientists in determining the components of physical fitness. They are determined in muscle strength, muscular, circulatory, elastic, agility, agility, speed, compatibility, muscular ability, accuracy, reaction time," said Dr. Sobhi Hassanein. .

Kemps and Frank (1980) point out that there is no athlete who can develop part of his body without another part or component of fitness without another element because the aim of sports training is to reach the individual to the highest level allowed by his abilities, abilities,