PURPOSE: Children with adenoidhypertrophy commonly have sleep-disordered breathing. Sleep-disordered breathing is associated with various neurocognitive problems. The aim of this study was to assess the cognitive function in those patients using cognitiveevent-relatedpotentials. METHODS: Twenty-three patients with moderate to severe adenoidhypertrophy were compared with 20 healthy controls. The intelligence quotient was performed for all study participants. The latencies of the N200, ... Read more

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to estimate the epidemiological features of epilepsy in a representative governorate of UpperEgypt. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A door-to-doorcommunity-basedsurveystudy was performed using a sample of 10 areas among various districts of the Qenagovernorate in UpperEgypt. Six were classified as rural areas, and the remaining four were classified as urban areas, with a total population ... Read more

Background: Among stroke scales, we considered the Canadian Stroke Scale (CSS) and Scandinavian Stroke Scale (SSS) as the most suitable and most simple to be applied on our population for further generalization on other community hospitals. Objective: We aimed to determine which one of the two scales has the best predictive power of outcome. Methods: Equally trained observers scored consecutive ... Read more

AIM OF THE WORK To assess the effect of clinical manifestations, disease activity and medications on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA). PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty-six early RA patients (mean age 43.31 ± 10.51 years, disease duration: 16.5 ± 5.2 months) diagnosed according to the 2010 RA classification criteria were recruited from the outpatient ... Read more

BACKGROUND: Tinnitus is a common untreatable condition that originates from central maladaptive plasticity initiated by peripheralinjury. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), direct cochlear low-level laser therapy (LLLT), and acupuncture were tried for tinnitustreatment, but the results of these methods were clinically unsatisfactory. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to test the combined effect of the 3 methods targeting both peripheral and central ... Read more

The clinical use of mirror visual feedback (MVF) was initially introduced to alleviate phantom pain, and has since been applied to the improvement of hemiparesis following stroke. However, it is not known whether MVF can restore motor function by producing plastic changes in the human primary motor cortex (M1). Here, we used transcranial magnetic stimulation to test whether M1 plasticity ... Read more

We can recognize handwritten letters despite the variability among writers. One possible strategy is exploiting the motor memory of orthography. By using TMS, we clarified the excitatory and inhibitory neural circuits of the motor corticospinal pathway that might be activated during the observation of handwritten letters. During experiments, participants looked at the handwritten or printed single letter that appeared in ... Read more

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the human primarymotorcortex (M1) excitabilitychanges induced by momentaryreward. METHODS: To test the changes in excitatory and inhibitory functions of M1, motor-evoked potentials (MEPs), short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) and short-latency afferent inhibition (SAI) were tested in the abductor pollicis brevis (APB) muscle of non-dominant hand in 14 healthy volunteers by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) during a behavioral task ... Read more

Repeated paired associative stimulation combining peripheral nerve stimulation and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the primary motorcortex (M1) can produce humanmotorplasticity. However, previous studies used paired artificial stimuli, so that it is not known whether repetitive natural M1 activity associated with TMS can induceplasticity or not. To test this hypothesis, we developed a movement-relatedcorticalstimulation (MRCS) protocol, in which the left ... Read more

ABSTRACT Patients with chronicstroke often show increased flexor hypertonia in their affected upper limbs. Although an intervention strategy targeting the extensors of the affected upper limb might thus be expected to have benefits for functional recovery, conventional repetitive motor training has limited clinical utility. Recent studies have shown that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation could induce motor recovery. The present study ... Read more