Azoospermia can stem from either an obstructive issue or a non-obstructive problem originating in the testes. Distinguishing between these two root causes relies on clinical evaluation of testis size and consistency, hormone testing of FSH levels, and genetic analysis looking at chromosomes, Y chromosome microdeletions, and genes involved in hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. NOA encompasses both primary testicular failure where sperm production ... Read more