Azoospermia can arise from pre-testicular or testicular causes affecting spermatogenesis or from post-testicular obstructions with complete spermatogenesis present in histopathology (Jow et al., 1993). Pre-testicular causes involve defects in the hypothalamus or pituitary gland leading to impaired FSH and/or LH production, resulting in secondary testicular spermatogenic failure. Primary spermatogenic failure, which is not due to hypothalamic-pituitary issues, presents as severe ... Read more

Purpose: Non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) is a common, but complex problem, with multiple therapeutic options and a lack of clear guidelines. Hence, there is considerable controversy and marked variation in the management of NOA. This survey evaluates contemporary global practices related to medical and surgical management for patients with NOA. Materials and Methods: A 56-question online survey covering various aspects of ... Read more

Purpose: Non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) represents the persistent absence of sperm in ejaculate without obstruction, stemming from diverse disease processes. This survey explores global practices in NOA diagnosis, comparing them with guidelines and offering expert recommendations. Materials and Methods: A 56-item questionnaire survey on NOA diagnosis and management was conducted globally from July to September 2022. This paper focuses on part ... Read more

Cutaneous wart is a benign skin growth brought on by the human papillomavirus (HPV), plantar wart is that type of wart occurring in plantar aspect of the foot, To date, over 400 variants of HPV, HPV 2,4,27,57, and 60 are the most common serotypes causing plantar warts. The formation of a successful cell-mediated immune response is necessary for wart regression. ... Read more

Background: Non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) is a frequent cause of male infertility, and microsurgical testicular sperm extraction (micro-TESE) is an effective technique for sperm retrieval in NOA cases. While the use of hormone stimulation is recommended in cases of secondary hypogonadism, there is still debate surrounding its practice in men with NOA and primary hypogonadism prior to attempting surgical sperm retrieval. ... Read more

Azoospermia can stem from either an obstructive issue or a non-obstructive problem originating in the testes. Distinguishing between these two root causes relies on clinical evaluation of testis size and consistency, hormone testing of FSH levels, and genetic analysis looking at chromosomes, Y chromosome microdeletions, and genes involved in hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. NOA encompasses both primary testicular failure where sperm production ... Read more

Background: Female Pattern Hair Loss (FPHL), also known as female androgenetic alopecia (AGA), is the leading cause of hair loss in adult women, with a significant impact on patients' quality of life. It develops from progressive follicle thinning, which leads to a decrease in hair density, resulting in non-scarring widespread alopecia with distinct clinical, dermoscopic, and histological patterns. The lack ... Read more

Background Psoriasis is a common and complex multifactorial disease, in which both genetic and extrinsic factors contribute to activating an immunological reaction. Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the clinical, demographic, and laboratory characteristics of Egyptian psoriatic patients in Sohag, Upper Egypt. Patients and methods This study was a cross-sectional hospital-based study conducted on 200 Egyptian psoriatic patients. All the ... Read more

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is defined as the use of oxygen under pressure to increase oxygen levels in different tissues. Nowadays, HBOT is recommended as single therapy or in combination with other medical treatments like surgery or medicine for specific diseases. HBOT has a number of applications in emergency situations such carbon monoxide poisoning, envenomation from spider and snake bites, ... Read more

Erectile dysfunction (ED) has many definitions, one of these accepted definition that the male is unable to initiate and/or preserve an erection for ideal sexual intercourse satisfying for both partners. There are many lines for ED treatment, oral phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5Is) represent the corner stone for ED treatment. Intra cavernous injections, vacuum constriction device & surgical implantation of ... Read more