Microsurgery in the 20th century enabled surgeons to operate on very fine structures. Nylen (1892–1978),1 performed the first ear operation in a human in November 1921. Holmgren (1875–1954), modified Nylen’s idea by utilizing a binocular Zeiss microscope in 1922.2 Other specialities (neurosurgery or plastic and reconstructive surgery) only adopted microsurgical instruments and techniques in the 1960s. One of the more ... إقراء المزيد