Azoospermia can arise from pre-testicular or testicular causes affecting spermatogenesis or from post-testicular obstructions with complete spermatogenesis present in histopathology (Jow et al., 1993). Pre-testicular causes involve defects in the hypothalamus or pituitary gland leading to impaired FSH and/or LH production, resulting in secondary testicular spermatogenic failure. Primary spermatogenic failure, which is not due to hypothalamic-pituitary issues, presents as severe ... Read more

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous disorder in which chronic anovulation is a common feature despite the presence of multiple micro- structures in the ovaries. A growing body of evidence has suggested that serum hyperinsulinemia contributes to the excess ovarian androgen secretion observed in women with PCOS. The standard therapy for anovulatory women with PCOS is oral administration of ... Read more

OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether metformin attenuates some of the ovarian adverse effects caused by OHSS and to study the mechanisms involved. Go to: MATERIAL AND METHODS A rat OHSS model was used to investigate the effects of metformin administration. Ovarian histology and follicle counting were performed in ovarian sections stained with Masson trichrome. Vascular permeability was measured by the release ... Read more

INTRODUCTION: A change of the diagnostic tool for type 2 diabetes from an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) to hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) has been suggested. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of abnormal glucose metabolism (diabetes and pre-diabetes) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and whether ethnicity modified the sensitivity and specificity of HbA1c. MATERIALS ... Read more