Overview
Normal gut microbiota influences the well-being of the host by contributing to its
nutrition, metabolism, physiology, and immune function [1]. Disturbance of normal
gut microbiota (dysbiosis) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diverse illnesses
such as obesity [2], type 2 diabetes [3], inflammatory bowel disease [4] and cardio
vascular disease [5]. Quantitative and qualitative alterations in gut microbiota are
noted in patients with CKD and ESRD [6].