LL OF THE FOLLOWING CAUSE PARAPLEGIA WITH SENSORY LEVEL EXCPT
A.Fracture dislocation of dorsal spine
B.Transverse myelitis
C.Pott’s disease
D.Hereditary spastic paraplegia
In a case of acute-subacute flaccid paraplegia ,causes may be expet
* Transverse myelitis
* Anterior spinal artery ...
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Epilepsy co morbidites
_MOST CASES OF EPILEPSY BEGIN IN CHILDHOOD → TIME THAT IS ESSENTIAL TO DEVELOPMENT OF BASIC COGNITIVE SKILLS_
_*__UNCONTROLLED SEIZURES IMPAIR COGNITIVE FUNCTIONS WITH EFFECTS BEING MOST SEVER IN INFANCY & EARLY CHILDHOOD → NEED FOR EARLY AGGRESSIVE TREATMENT & __SIEZURE...
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The brain
2% of total body weight
Receive 15% of cardiac output
Receive 25% of inspired O2
Cerebral blood flow (CBF);
50 -60 ml blood/100gm brain/minute (in
gray matt
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Myelination in CNS by
oligodendrocytes which give
multiple axons
●Myelination in peripheral nervous
system by Schwann cell (liable for
regeneration)
●Demyelination oc
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1. Stabilize patient (airway, breathing, circulation, disability - neurologic exam)
2. Time seizure from its onset, monitor vital signs
3. Assess oxygenation, give oxygen
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1. Stabilize patient (airway, breathing, circulation, disability - neurologic exam)
2. Time seizure from its onset, monitor vital signs
3. Assess oxygenation, give oxygen
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How serious is the problem?
* Epilepsy is a chronic disorder that may need life time
treatment in special situations
* Epilepsy is more than seizures, an ongoing epilepto
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normal gait
All of the following are required to be intact: motor function
, balance, postural reflexes, sensory function and sensorimotor integration,
motor control
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General consideration
– Major cause of attendance in out patient neurological clinics
….93% in males (of them 69% tension type)
– ..99% in females (of them 88% tens
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general & Anatomical features
➢Neuroanatomy:
➢Neurophysiology:
➢Neuropathology:
➢Neuroradiology:
➢Neuroophthalmology:
➢Neuropediatrics:
➢Neurorology:
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* Disorders which are characterized by selective loss of function of the lower and/ or upper motor neurons duo to selective degenerative changes which involve the anterio
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_AETIOLOGY__ OF PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY_
I- Inherited polyneuropathy;
A- Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy .
B- Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy.
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Intractability can be defined as seizures
still uncontrolled with occurrence of
average frequency of at least one fit per
month for at least a period of 2 years.
During t
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* _"THE EARTH HAS BECOME A VERY SICK PLANET AND URGENTLY NEEDS A CURE._
_"THE EARTH HAS BECOME A VERY SICK PLANET AND URGENTLY NEEDS A CURE._
* _ A DISASTER IS LOOMING AR
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–Like any other system in the body, the central nervous system and its meningeal
covering are liable for infection by almost all pathogens includin
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HYPERACTIVE TENDON REFLEXES ARE OFTEN AN INDICATION OF DAMAGE TO THE
(A) spinal cord
(B) peripheral nerve
(C) cerebellum
(D) Tendon stretch receptors
(E) Muscles
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