Normal IOP: 14-19 mmHg provided that it is not associated with symptoms or signs as:
Diminution of vision.
Visual field defects:
Many forms of visual field defects can be observed in glaucoma.
The visual field defects associated with glaucoma appear to be fairly non-specific.
Relatively specific glaucomatous visual field defects include generalized constriction (tunnel vision).
Glaucoma:
Definition: Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases which result in damage to the optic nerve and vision loss. A major risk factor is increased intraocular pressure.
Causes: impaired outflow of aqueous is the most important cause.
Effects:
In chronic glaucoma: Diminution of vision, Visual field defects or Cupping of optic disc.
In acute glaucoma: severe eye pain & headache.
Treatment:
Miotics (as pilocarpine): opens the angle helping the drainage.
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: ↓ aqueous formation.
Surgical treatment.