WORK EXPERIENCE

From Dec 2012 to date

Lecturer of Physiology

Physiology Department - Faculty of Medicine -  Sohag  University – Egypt

-   Teaching basics of Physiology to undergraduate medical students and students of faculty of Pharmacy and faculty of Nursery.

-   Teaching basics of Physiology to undergraduate medical students and students of faculty of Pharmacy and faculty of Dentist South Valley University.

-   Teaching basics of Physiology to undergraduate medical students Aswan University.

-   Teaching basics of Physiology to undergraduate Veterinary students New Valley University.

-   Teaching Sport physiology to undergraduate Sport education students Sohag and South Valley Universities.

-   Teaching courses of neurophysiology, endocrinology and digestive physiology to postgraduate medical students.

-   Supervising postgraduate research students.

1- From 2010 to 2012

Lecturer of Physiology

Physiology Department - Faculty of Medicine -  Al-Azhar  University – Egypt

Duties and expertise

-   Teaching basics of Physiology to undergraduate medical students and students of faculty of Pharmacy and faculty of Dentest.

-   Teaching courses of neurophysiology and digestive physiology to postgraduate medical students.

-   Supervising postgraduate research students.

2- 2005-2010

Assistant Lecture                                                                            

physiology Department- Faculty of Medicine -  Al-Azhar  University-Egypt

Duties and expertise

-   Teaching practical physiology lessons to undergraduate medical students.

-   Attending postgraduate teaching courses of physiology and workshops of sport physiology.

-   Conducting the PhD research project about level of some inflammatory mediators in the vitreous humour in diabetic male albino rats and their role in causing diabetic retinopathy.

3- 2002-2005

Demonstrator                

Physiology Department- Faculty of Medicine – Al-Azhar University-Egypt

Duties and expertise

-   Teaching the practical physiology lessons to undergraduate medical students.

-   Attending the postgraduate lectures in different basic subjects including histology and medical statistics.

-   Conducting the master research project to study the effect of sever muscular exercise on some oxidants and antioxidants in adult male smokers.

Melatonin attenuates chronic immobilization stress-induced muscle
atrophy in rats: Influence on lactate-to-pyruvate ratios and Na+/K+
ATPase activity
Eman S.H. Abd Allah a,∗, Ahmed M. Mahmoud b
a Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
b Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
a r t i c l e i n f o
Article history:
Received 7 January 2018
Received in revised form 13 June 2018
Accepted 14 June 2018
Available online xxx
Keywords:
Chronic immobilization stress
Lactate-to-pyruvate ratio
Melatonin
Na+/K+ATPase activity
a b s t r a c t
This study assessed the protective effect of melatonin against muscle atrophy provoked by chronic immobilization stress (CIS). CIS was induced in rats by limiting their trunk movement for 90 min daily for 6
weeks. Rats subjected to the CIS procedure demonstrated a substantial decrease in body weight, an
increase in serum corticosterone, muscle atrophy, and an increase in atrogin-1 mRNA levels. An increase in
the serum lactate-to-pyruvate ratio and the oxidative stress accompanied by a reduction of Na+/K+ ATPase
activity could be responsible for these changes. Melatonin efficiently attenuated CIS-induced deleterious effects on the muscle by reducing corticosterone levels, the lactate-to-pyruvate ratio, and oxidative
stress, thereby improving Na+/K+ ATPase activity and muscle condition. We conclude that melatonin can
contribute to the prevention of CIS-induced muscle atrophy via its anti-stress, anti-oxidant propertiesand its effect on Na+/K+ ATPase activity.

Role of Bcl-2 and Bax as Markers of Disease
Progression in Hepatitis C Virus Infected Patients
Ahmed Sadek1, Abeer Sheneef2, Eman A. Sabet3, Laila M. Yousef4,
Amal H. Ali2, Amal K. Nor El-Din3, Ahmed M. Mahmoud5
Departments of ¹Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut
University, ²Medical Microbiology & Immunology, ³Internal Medicine, 4Clinical
Pathology, 5Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Egypt.
Many apoptotic markers have been linked to hepatic cell injury in HCV-related liver diseases, and hence
could be used as potential markers for early detection of the disease. The present study aimed to assess
the role of apoptotic markers Bcl-2 and Bax in the pathogenesis of chronic HCV-related liver diseases. A
total of 85 participants were enrolled into the study; 70 chronic HCV patients (35 non-cirrhotic and 35
cirrhotic), and 15 healthy controls. The serum levels of Bcl-2 and Bax were assayed in all participants by
ELISA. Bcl-2 and Bcl-2/Bax ratio were significantly higher in non-cirrhotic patients than the cirrhotic and
controls (P < 0.001). Bax was significantly higher in cirrhotic patients compared to the other groups (P <
0.001). Positive and negative correlations were found between serum Bcl-2, Bax, Bcl-2/Bax ratio and HCV
viral load in non-cirrhotic and cirrhotic patients respectively. These findings provide an evidence thatapoptosis is dysregulated in patients with chronic HCV.

Effect of Omega 3 and regular exercise on the muscle performance:
Special prevalence of histamine and nitric oxide production
Ahmed Mostafa Mahmoud
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
ABSTRACT
Background: Skeletal muscle fatigue due to unaccustomed hard and/or
prolonged physical exercise may be caused by increase of lactic acid,
inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress. Stimulation of H1
receptors by histamine and the ensuing production of nitric oxide
trigger the vasodilating effect of histamine on arterioles in exercise to
supply O2 and nutrients and removal of CO2 and waste products.
Objective: Investigating the effect of omega 3 alone or with regular
exercise on improving muscle performance and delaying muscle
fatigue. Subjects and methods: Forty apparently healthy subjects were
studied. Depending on their previous physical conditioning status,
subjects were divided into four equal groups: Two sedentary groups
(group 1a without omega 3 therapy, and group 1b with omega 3), and
two athletes groups (group 2a without omega 3 therapy, and group 2b
with omega 3). Exercise tolerance was evaluated for each subject by
using a free swimming competition (100 meters). Pulmonary
ventilation, vital capacity, respiratory rate and heart rate were estimated
before and after competition. Total antioxidant, lipid peroxides, total
nitrate and nitrites, lactic acid and histamine levels were determined
Results: Omega-treated and/or regular exercise volunteers showed
significantly increase of pulmonary ventilation, vital capacity, total
antioxidant, nitric oxide (NO) and histamine levels, and significantly
decrease of qualifying time competition, respiratory, resting and
maximal heart rates, plasma lipid peroxides, and lactic acid compared
with corresponding values of volunteers without Omega 3 or regular
exercise. The combination of omega 3 plus regular exercise was more
effective than each one alone. Conclusions: The results obtained in the
present study provided an evidence that daily administration of omega 3
and/or regular exercise improved muscle performance and delayed
fatigue through release of histamine and NO during exercise.
Keywords: Omega 3- regular exercise - muscle performance - fatigue -
histamine -NO.

Effect of dexmedetomidine and cold stress in a rat model of
neuropathic pain: Role of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α
Hanan Sayed M. Farghaly a,n, Ahmed Mostafa Mahmoud b, Khaled A. Abdel-Sater c
a Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
b Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
c Physiology Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, El-Minia, Egypt
a r t i c l e i n f o
Article history:
Received 16 August 2015
Received in revised form
12 February 2016
Accepted 15 February 2016
Available online 16 February 2016
Keywords:
Cold stress
Dexmedetomidine
IL-6
Neuropathic pain
TNF-α
a b s t r a c t
Dexmedetomidine (Dex) is a novel Alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist. It decreases sympathetic tone and
attenuates the stress responses to anesthesia and surgery. People exposed to cold suffer unpleasant
thermal pain, which is experienced as stress and causes the release of noradrenaline from the sympathetic terminals. The present study investigated the effects of cold stress and dexmedetomidine on
chronic constriction injury (CCI) model of the sciatic nerve in rats. Sixty four male Wistar rats were
divided into seven groups of eight rats each: repeated cold stress (RCS) group, sham RCS group, CCI
group, sham CCI group, Dex-treated group received a single dose of Dex (5 μg/kg), CCIþDex group,
CCIþRCS group. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor- alpha (TNF-α) levels in the serum were
measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The mean body weight of CCI, RCS, CCIþRCS,
CCIþDex and RCSþDex groups decreased significantly compared with pre-values. Dexmedetomidine
and CCI caused significant changes of the systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressure. Both RCS and CCI
groups showed significant decreased of reaction time in the hot plate test. The RCS and CCI groups
demonstrated a significant mechanical hyperalgesia, while pain threshold was increased in the RCSþDex
group. A significant decrease of serum IL-6 and TNF-α was demonstrated in CCIþRCS and CCIþDex
groups. The therapeutic effectiveness of dexmedetomidine in neuropathic pain may be through inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines, primarily IL-6 and TNF-α. Moreover, cold stress may result in increased resistance to neuropathic pain.

Peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) as a new strategy for
treating obesity
Ahmed Mostafa Mahmoud
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine,
Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
Correspondence to Ahmed Mostafa Mahmoud,
Lecturer of Medical Physiology, Faculty of
Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt;
Tel: 01060423663;
e-mail: ahmed_physiology@yahoo.com
Received 4 April 2016
Accepted 2 August 2016
Al Azhar Assiut Medical Journal
2016, 14:101–108
Background
Obesity is a risk factor for obesity-related disorders such as type 2 diabetes mellitus,
vascular disease, osteoarthritis, sleep apnea, and malignancy. Obesity cohinder
the individual work capacity, and the cost for managing obesity complications is
high.
Objective
The objective of this research was to study the role of pancreatic polypeptide family
including neuropeptide Y and peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) in obesity development and its metabolic changes.
Materials and methods
Twenty-seven adult female albino rats of a local strain were randomized into three
equal groups for 5 weeks: sham-operated group, ovariectomized nontreated group,
and ovariectomized treated group received PYY3–36 at a dose of 50 μg/kg, by
intraperitoneal injection twice daily during the fifth week.
Results
Peripheral PYY3–36 administration reduces food intake, body weight gain, and
serum glucose in ovariectomized obese female rats.
Conclusion
PYY system may offer a new therapeutic strategy for obesity management and its
metabolic abnormalities.
Keywords:
metabolic disease, obesity, ovariectomized rats, pancreatic polypeptides, peptide tyrosine
tyrosine

Effects of Combination of Carvedilol and Melatonin on Induced Metabolic
Syndrome in Rats
Khaled A Abdel-Sater1* and Ahmed Mostafa M. Hassan2
1Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
2Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University- Sohag -Egypt
*Corresponding author: Khaled Ahmed Abdel-Sater, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt, Tel: +20167970804; E-mail:
Khaled_71111@yahoo.com
Rec date: April 21, 2014, Acc date: June 16, 2014, Pub date: June 23, 2014
Copyright: © 2014 Abdel Sater KA et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits
unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Abstract
Background: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome is increasing and it is considered one of the main threats to
human health worldwide. Fructose feeding induces hyper-insulinemia, insulin resistance and hyper-triglyceridemia.
The main objective of the present study is to evaluate the pharmacological effects of the single and combined
administration of carvedilol and melatonin on fructose-induced metabolic syndrome in rats.
Methods: Male albino rats were fed a high fructose diet for ten weeks to induce metabolic syndrome. Oral
administration of carvedilol (20 mg/kg/day), melatonin (10 mg/kg/day), carvedilol and melatonin (20 mg +10 mg/kg/
day) or vehicle was conducted for six weeks after stopping the high fructose feeding.Indices of systolic blood
pressure (SBP), Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG), Fasting Serum Insulin (FSI), serum lipid profiles, serum Nitric Oxide
(NO), serum lipid peroxides as well as levels of total antioxidants were determined. Insulin resistance index were
calculated from FBG and FSI using HOMA-IR (Homeostasis Model Assessment).
Results: A high-fructose diet was associated with hypertension, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, decreased nitrite
and increased oxidative stress. Carvedilol, melatonin or combination of carvedilol and melatonin was able to reverse
features of metabolic syndrome in the six weeks. The intensity of changes produced by melatonin was of greater
extent in insulin resistance and lipid profiles than produced by carvedilol but the effect of carvedilol was higher in
hypertension. The combination of carvedilol plus melatonin was superior of the others.
Conclusion: A combination of both carvedilol (20 mg/kg/ day orally) and melatonin (10 mg/kg/ day orally) for 6
weeks revealed a statistical significant results in comparison to carvedilol (20 mg/kg/ day orally) or melatonin (10
mg/kg/ day orally) alone. A combination of carvedilol and melatonin may give an additive effect better than each of
them alone.
Keywords: Metabolic syndrome; Dyslipidemia; Insulin resistance;
Carvedilol; Melatonin; Oxidative stress

Sex Differences in Some Physiological Effects of Cold Season or Short-Term
Cold Exposure in Adult Albino Rat
Adel Shalaby1, Khaled A Abdel-Sater Eliwa1*, Ahmed M Hassan2 and Mohamed El-Fiky1
1Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo & Assiut, Egypt
2Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Sohag University, Egypt
Abstract
Background: Cold exposure is a permanent part of human life. Response to cold varies according to different
factors and individual differences. The main factors potentially differentiating thermoregulation in men and women are
the properties of female physiology, anthropometric characteristics, body composition, social behavior and physical
working capacity.
Aim of the study: Detecting the effect of short term cold exposure or cold season on body weight, food consumption,
and levels of TSH, T3, T4, insulin, glucagon, adrenaline, cortisol, testosterone, progesterone and estrogen.
Material and methods: This study was carried out on 96 adult albino rats of local strain, half of them were males
and the other half were females. The animals were divided equally into two control groups (males and females), and
four experimental groups (two males and two females). Each group was divided into two equal sub-groups (one for
morning experiment where blood samples were collected at 7:00 a.m to 8:00 a.m., and one for night experiment where
blood samples were collected at 700 p.m to 8:00 p.m.). Blood samples were taken at the end of experimental period
(7 days) for determination of TSH, T3, T4, insulin, glucagon, adrenaline, cortisol, testosterone, and progesterone and
estrogen levels.
Results: Exposure of the body to cold produced the physiological responses according to the degree of cooling.
The more severe the exposure to cold, the more marked were the effects that can be observed in body heat balance.
Thyroid hormones increased through release of hypothalamus to TRH which led to release of TSH from the pituitary
gland. Cortisol increased through stimulation of HPA axis. Adrenaline increased through stimulation of sympathetic
nervous system and led to vasoconstriction and increased the release of fatty acids from adipose tissue to be used as
energy substrates for heat production. Increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system during cold exposure led
to decreased insulin secretion to increase blood glucose level which was used as a fuel for heat production. Activation
of HPA was associated with increased progesterone hormone which has a role in thermogenesis. The increased needs
for heat production in cold situations to keep body temperature constant led to increased food consumption, and the
body weight showed no changes. This was because energy intake was used for heat production. Conclusion: Exposure
to 4°C for 60 minutes for seven days cause signifcant increase in cortisol, adrenaline, estrogen, progesterone, insulin,
T
3 and TSH, while testosterone signifcantly decreased. Also, exposure to 15-17°C for seven days caused signifcant
increase in cortisol, adrenaline, estrogen and progesterone, while testosterone hormone signifcantly decreased. No
signifcant changes occurred in T4 and glucagon.
*Corresponding author: AKhaled A Abdel-Sater Eliwa, Department of
Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt, E-mail:
Khaled_71111@yahoo.com.
Received December 23, 2014; Accepted February 09, 2015; Published February
16, 2015
Citation: Shalaby A, Eliwa KAA, Hassan AM, El-Fiky M (2015) Sex
Differences in Some Physiological Effects of Cold Season or Short-Term
Cold Exposure in Adult Albino Rat. Endocrinol Metab Synd 4: 159. doi:
10.4172/2161-1017.1000159
Copyright: © 2015 Shalaby A, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under
the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted
use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and
source are credited.
Keywords: Cold exposure; Sex difference; Physiological and
biochemical effects of cold

Testicular fine-needle aspiration as a prognostic indicator
in azoospermia associated with grade II varicocele
Emad A. Tahaa, Hisham D. Gabera, Mohamed Fawzyf, Hosam A. Hasanb,
Abdelmonem A. Mohamedd, Ahmed M. Hassane and Ahmed M. Abbasc
Departments of aDermatology, Venereology and
Andrology, bDiagnostic Radiology, cObstetrics and
Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University,
dDepartment of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine,
Al-Azhar University, Assiut, eDepartment of Physiology,
Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
and fEbn Sina and Banon ICSI Centers, Sohag, Egypt
Correspondence to Ahmed M. Abbas, MD, Department
of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Woman’s Health
Hospital, Assiut University, 71511 Assiut, Egypt
Tel: + 20 88 241 4616; fax: + 20 88 2414631;
e-mail: bmr90@hotmail.com
Received 9 August 2016
Accepted 25 September 2016
Human Andrology 2016, 00:000–000
Purpose
The current study aims to evaluate the prognostic indicators of testicular fine-needle
aspiration (TFNA) findings on the outcome of varicocele (Vx) surgery.
Patients and methods
The study was a multicentric prospective cohort study carried out in Ibnsina, Sohag
and Banon, Assiut ICSI centers, Egypt. We included all infertile men with
nonobstructive azoospermia diagnosed with grade II bilateral Vx. TFNA was done for
all men, and according to the presence or absence of sperms in TFNA smears they
were divided into two groups: group I, Vx patients with positive TFNA, and group II, Vx
patients with negative TFNA. Next, patients were subjected to inguinal-loupe-assisted
Vx ligation. The primary outcome of the study was the rate of improvement in semen
parameters within 1 year after surgery.
Results
Postoperative semen analyses in both groups revealed that 18/33 (54.5%) patients in
group I versus 10/48 (20.8%) in group II had positive sperms in their ejaculates with
statistically significant difference (P = 0.001). In addition, semen parameters in group I
had significantly higher results than group II. There were significant positive
correlations between the number of recovered sperms by TFNA preoperatively and the
total testicular volume on one hand and postoperative semen parameters on the other
hand (Po0.001), whereas significant negative correlations were found between serum
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and postoperative semen parameters (Po0.001).
Conclusion
Taking prognostic parameters into consideration is important before counseling
nonobstructive azoospermia patients with Vx to undergo varicocelectomy. The findings
of sperms preoperatively through performing TFNA could be a good prognostic
indicator to varicocelectomy.
Keywords:
azoospermia, infertility, testicular fine needle, varicocele