INTRODUCTION & OBJECTIVES Chronic renal failure (CRF) is a progressive loss in renal function over a period of months or years. It is differentiated from acute kidney disease in that the reduction in kidney function must be present for over 3 months. In Egypt; end stage renal disease (ESRD) is growing by 100% annually; the estimated annual incidence of ESRD ... Read more

BACKGROUND: Chronic renal failure or chronic renal disease (CRD) is a progressive oss in renal function over a period of months or years. It is differentiated from acute kidney disease in that the reduction in kidney function must be present for over 3 months Uremic pruritus is the most common cutaneous abnormality in patients with CRF Uraemic pruritus is unrelated ... Read more

Background Etiopathogenesis of vitiligo is unclear. Immunological background has a role.Interleukin 17 (IL-17) may play a role in its pathogenesis. There is no standard treatment regimen for vitiligo; however, calcineurin inhibitors may be an effective treatment option. Objective The aim was to evaluate tacrolimus versus narrowband ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) intreatment of vitiligo, both clinically and by measurement of IL-17 before ... Read more

Background Dermoscopy is a simple and inexpensive diagnostic technique that permits the visualization of morphologic features that are not visible to the naked eye, forming a link between clinical dermatology and microscopic dermatopathology. For many years, skin biopsy was considered the only definite diagnostic tool that confirms or excludes the clinical diagnosis. Skin biopsies are invasive and have many adverse ... Read more

Objectives: To study the prevalence and patterns ofY-chromosome microdeletions in infertile men from Upper Egypt and to determine the relationship between Y-chromosome microdeletions with clinical and laboratory findings in these patients. Design: Cross-sectional study. Patients: Infertile men (n = 210) and a control group of fertile men with normal semen analysis (n = 30). Methods: Clinical evaluation, standard semen analysis ... Read more

Objectives: To study the relationship between Y-chromosome microdeletions with clinical and laboratory findings in infertile men with non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA). Design: Cross-sectional study. Patients: Infertile men with non-obstructive azoospermia (n = 146). Methods: Clinical evaluation and scrotal colour Doppler ultrasonography were evaluated. Standard semen analysis and serum levels of hormones (FSH, LH, total testosterone and prolactin) were performed. Multiplex PCR ... Read more

Background: Melasma is a common dyschromia that often motivates the search for dermatological care as it results in cosmetic disfigurement that impairs the patient’s quality of life. Aim: To evaluate the effect of microneedling with addition of topical vitamin c in treatment of melasma. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective study that included 34 adult females with 4 dropouts. ... Read more

Objectives: Varicocele is the most common cause of male infer- tility. It affects spermatogenesis by multiple theories, the most recent is by increasing the levels of reactive oxygen species. Medical treatment in the form of tamoxifen, anti-oxidant (Zinc) and MPFF (Micronised purified flavonoid fractions), may improve sper- matogenesis and semen parameters in patients with varicocele. Our study aims to show ... Read more

PURPOSE OR OBJECTIVE: On the basis of successful intralesional steroid injection for dermatologic scars treatment such as keloids and burn scars, we planned to evaluate intralesional triamcinolone acetonide injection in treatment of RIF as there is no data available for its use for this indication. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 30 patients with RIF of different sites (19 cases breast, 4 cases ... Read more

Introduction: Erectile dysfunction (ED) can precede coronary artery disease. In addition, silent myocardial ischemia (SMI) is more common in diabetic patients and is a strong predictor of cardiac events and death. Aim: To evaluate the presence of SMI in patients with diabetes and ED using multidetector computed tomographic coronary angiography (MDCT-CA). Methods: This study evaluated patients with diabetes and ED ... Read more