BACKGROUND: Glioblastoma multiform (GBM) tumors are the most aggressive and diffusely infiltrating brain tumors in human patients. Despite surgery, modern chemotherapy and anti-angiogenesis treatments, GBM tumors regrow rapidly and end patients’ lives in a relatively short time. GBM tumors aggressively invade and infiltrate adjacent normal brain tissues. GBM cells are driven by glycolysis (glucose oxidation to produce ATP and lactate ... Read more

BACKGROUND: Blood glucose is controlled by a pancreatic hormone, insulin, so any altered functions of the pancreas are associated with disturbances in blood glucose level. Erythropoietin (EPO) is glycoprotein produced mainly by the kidney as a result of reduced intracellular oxygen. This study was designed to investigate the effect of EPO on blood glucose level in normal and streptozocin-induced diabetic ... Read more

BACKGROUND : Gliomas and glioblastomas are space-occupying brain tumors with variable aggressive behaviour. Glioblastomas are the most lethal brain tumors and are not responsive to current chemotherapy and radiotherapy. To date, no satisfactory curative treatment exists. 3-bromopyruvate (3BP) is a promising chemotherapeutic that proved effective in treating gliomas and other malignancies in so many reported studies. 3BP is both an ... Read more

Somatic mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)1/2 genes endow encoding proteins with neomorphic activity to produce the potential oncometabolite, 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG), which induces the hypermethylation of histones and DNA. The incidence of IDH1/2 mutations in cartilaginous tumors was previously shown to be the highest among various types of tumors, except for those in the central nervous system. Mutations have been ... Read more