Abstract The management of combined gallstones and CBD stones should include removal of the􀀀gallbladder and clearance of the duct system which can be achieved by ERCP and extraction of stones before operation or directly with laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) and laparoscopic common duct exploration (LCDE). LCDE can be done under fluoroscopic or choledochoscopic guidance. Choledochoscopy provides the ultimate in visualization and ... Read more