The digestive tract of Octopus vulgaris consists of the buccal mass complex with a beak and radula, oesophagus, crop, stomach, caecum, digestive gland, intestine and salivary glands. The buccal mass contains the lower and upper beaks, radular apparatus and salivary papilla. Each beak consists of a hood and lateral walls; two wings are present in the lower beak only. The radular apparatus consists of a radular ribbon, a radular shield, a bending plane and radular muscles. The radular ribbon contains nine longitudinal rows with seven different types of radular teeth. The oesophagus is a cylindrical tube connecting the buccal mass with the stomach. The stomach is a muscular organ lined with cuticular ridges to grind-up the food. The intestine is a long tube extending posteriorly to the anus. Histologically the wall of the oesophagus, stomach and intestine are bordered luminally by lamina epithelialis mucosae. The lamina epithelialis mucosa and the lamina propria mucosa form the tunica mucosa. The tunica mucosae are succeeded by the muscularis, consisting of circular, longitudinal and collagenous fibres. The lamina epithelialis mucosa contains different numbers of goblet cells filled with acid mucopolysacchari