1. Use the stem to include a short story (short problem, scenario-based) and end the problem with a very clear question (e.g. which of the following is ...). Eliminate excessive wordiness and irrelevant or unnecessary information. 2. Use direct question not incomplete statements for the stem, ... إقراء المزيد

Background Women following unilateral oophorectomy (UO) are occasionally encountered during assisted reproduction treatment. Objective To explore the impact of UO on ovarian reserve in assisted reproduction. Search strategy An electronic database search was performed using PubMed, EBSCO, ISI, Trip, ClinicalTrial.gov and the Cochrane library followed by ... إقراء المزيد

Background The pharmacokinetic basis of magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) dosing regimens for eclampsia prophylaxis and treatment is not clearly established. Objectives To review available data on clinical pharmacokinetic properties of MgSO4 when used for women with pre-eclampsia and/or eclampsia. Search strategy MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, POPLINE, Global Health ... إقراء المزيد

In 1985 when a group of experts convened by the World Health Organization in Fortaleza, Brazil, met to discuss the appropriate technology for birth, they echoed what at that moment was considered an unjustified and remarkable increase of caesarean section (CS) rates worldwide.1 Based on the ... إقراء المزيد

In 2011, the first systematic review of the evidence behind the diagnostic criteria for miscarriage was published. It states, ‘‘findings were limited by the small number and poor quality of the studies,’’ and concluded that further studies were, ‘‘urgently required before setting future standards for the ... إقراء المزيد

Von Willebrand disease, the most common inherited bleeding disorder among American women, is a common cause of heavy menstrual bleeding and other bleeding problems in women and adolescent girls. Von Willebrand disease and other inherited and acquired disorders of coagulation and hemostasis should be considered in ... إقراء المزيد

Background and definition • A condition that manifests with distressing physical, behavioural, and psychological symptoms in the absence of organic or underlying psychiatric disease, which regularly recurs during the luteal phase of each menstrual cycle and disappears or significantly regresses by the end of menstruation. • ... إقراء المزيد

Background and prevalence • Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy affects at least 50% of women in the first trimester of pregnancy. Symptoms usually begin between 5 and 6 weeks with peak severity around week 11, and in 90% of women these symptoms resolve by week 16. ... إقراء المزيد

Antiphospholipid syndrome • Consider low-dose aspirin and heparin – significantly reduces the miscarriage rate by 54%. • Heparin – maternal complications: bleeding, hypersensitivity reactions, thrombocytopenia, osteopenia, and vertebral fractures on long-term use. • Careful antenatal surveillance, as these pregnancies remain at high risk of complications during ... إقراء المزيد

Definition and incidence • Fetal vessels coursing through the membranes over the internal cervical os and below the fetal presenting part, unprotected by placental tissue or the umbilical cord. • This can be secondary to a velamentous cord insertion in a single or bilobed placenta (vasa ... إقراء المزيد