Key content Early abdominal ectopic pregnancy (EAP), though rare, has a high mortality rate. There are no pathognomic symptoms of abdominal pregnancy. Symptoms are akin as for other types of ectopic pregnancy, thus a high index of suspicion is necessary for diagnosis. The tool of choice ... إقراء المزيد

The incidence of cancer in pregnancy is increasing. The most frequent malignancies include breast and cervical cancers. Diagnosis may be complicated by late presentation. Imaging during pregnancy should consider risks to the fetus. Diagnostic work-up, including tumor markers, can be influenced by the physiology of pregnancy. ... إقراء المزيد

What to expect: 1.Position of patient 2.Primary port closed entry 3.Secondary port entry 4.Primary port alternatives 5.Exit techniques 6.Reference to RCOG Green Top Guideline 49 - PREVENTING ENTRY-RELATED GYNAECOLOGICAL LAPAROSCOPIC INJURIES 1. Position * Prone -Stirrups/Lloyd Davis -Non slip mattress -Trendelenberg after ports * The operating ... إقراء المزيد

The Gynecologic Oncology Committee of FIGO in 2014 revised the staging of ovarian cancer, incorporating ovarian, fallopian tube, and peritoneal cancer into the same system. Most of these malignancies are high-grade serous carcinomas (HGSC). Stage IC is now divided into three categories: IC1 (surgical spill); IC2 ... إقراء المزيد

Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecological malignancy in high-income countries. Although the overall prognosis is relatively good, high-grade endometrial cancers have a tendency to recur. Recurrence needs to be prevented since the prognosis for recurrent endometrial cancer is dismal. Treatment tailored to tumor biology is ... إقراء المزيد

Since the publication of the last FIGO Cancer Report there have been giant strides in the global effort to reduce the burden of cervical cancer, with WHO announcing a call for elimination. In over 80 countries, including LMICs, HPV vaccination is now included in the national ... إقراء المزيد

Diagnosis of a primary vaginal cancer is rare because most of these lesions will be metastatic from another primary site. Although cancer of the vagina is more common in postmenopausal women, an increase in young women being diagnosed with primary vaginal cancer has been reported, especially ... إقراء المزيد

Vulvar cancer is an uncommon gynecological malignancy primarily affecting postmenopausal women. There is no specific screening and the most effective strategy to reduce vulvar cancer incidence is the opportune treatment of predisposing and preneoplastic lesions associated with its development. While vulvar cancer may be asymptomatic, most ... إقراء المزيد

Numerous tests and interventions have been proposed for optimizing performance in preparation IVF treatment. We critically appraised the available evidence underpinning some of the popular investigations and treatments, including the role of hysteroscopy, laparoscopy, ovarian reserve tests, sperm function tests, as well as the role lifestyle ... إقراء المزيد

* Who should be monitored * Tools for intrapartum monitoring * Describe the parameters for intrapartum assessment * Intrapartum FHR monitoring is a screening test that provides information to alert the clinician that a true test for fetal welfare assessment needs to be performed, eg: An ... إقراء المزيد