In 3D-CRT of breast cancer, we hardly find something special (and useful), but we may (or should): – Really know our linac and TPS – Get most of every beam we use – Get ... Read more

Adjuvant therapy The oestrogen receptor (ER) status of all invasive breast cancers should be assessed, using immunohistochemistry with a standardised and qualitatively assured methodology and the result reported quantitatively. The progesterone receptor status of ... Read more

Introduction Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer in females between the ages of 15 and 54, and the second leading cause of death in United States’ women.[1] Although, the death rate from ... Read more

Radiobiology is a branch of science which combines the basic principles of physics and biology and is concerned with the action of ionizing radiation on biological tissues and living organisms. The study of basic ... Read more

What is Radiation Oncology? Radiation Oncology is the medical use of different kinds of radiation in the treatment of various diseases. X-rays, gamma rays and electrons are commonly used. Each is produced by different ... Read more

Understanding Chemotherapy chemotherapy is the use of drugs to destroy cancer cells. It works by keeping the cancer cells from growing and dividing to make more cells. Because cancer cells usually grow and divide ... Read more

Overview and Types of Stem Cell Transplantation: Stem cell transplantation is a procedure that can restore marrow function for patients who have had severe marrow injury or abnormalities of the immune system. Marrow injury ... Read more

1- Essential Books: * Hassan Awad (text book). * Elizabeth Latorre (medical microbiology). * Perez (text book). 2- Recommended books: * Gunderson (text book). Read more